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Generation of entangled waveguided photon pairs by free electrons Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-22 Theis P. Rasmussen, Álvaro Rodríguez Echarri, Joel D. Cox, F. Javier García de Abajo
Entangled photons are a key resource in quantum technologies. While intense laser light propagating in nonlinear crystals is conventionally used to generate entangled photons, such schemes have low efficiency due to the weak nonlinear response of known materials and losses associated with in/out photon coupling. Here, we show how to generate entangled polariton pairs directly within optical waveguides
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Aligned carbon nanotube–based electronics on glass wafer Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-22 Xiaohan Cheng, Zipeng Pan, Chenwei Fan, Zhichen Wu, Li Ding, Lian-mao Peng
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), due to excellent electronic properties, are emerging as a promising semiconductor for diverse electronic applications with superiority over silicon. However, until now, the supposed superiority of CNTs by “head-to-head” comparison within a well-defined voltage range remains unrealized. Here, we report aligned CNT (ACNT)–based electronics on a glass wafer and successfully develop
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Incipient carbonate melting drives metal and sulfur mobilization in the mantle Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-22 Isra S. Ezad, Martin Saunders, Svyatoslav S. Shcheka, Marco L. Fiorentini, Lauren R. Gorojovsky, Michael W. Förster, Stephen F. Foley
We present results from high-pressure, high-temperature experiments that generate incipient carbonate melts at mantle conditions (~90 kilometers depth and temperatures between 750° and 1050°C). We show that these primitive carbonate melts can sequester sulfur in its oxidized form of sulfate, as well as base and precious metals from mantle lithologies of peridotite and pyroxenite. It is proposed that
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Isotopic biographies reveal horse rearing and trading networks in medieval London Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-22 Alexander J. E. Pryor, Carly Ameen, Robert Liddiard, Gary Baker, Katherine S. Kanne, J. Andy Milton, Christopher D. Standish, Bastian Hambach, Ludovic Orlando, Lorelei Chauvey, Stephanie Schiavinato, Laure Calvière-Tonasso, Gaetan Tressières, Stefanie Wagner, John Southon, Beth Shapiro, Alan Pipe, Oliver H. Creighton, Alan K. Outram
This paper reports a high-resolution isotopic study of medieval horse mobility, revealing their origins and in-life mobility both regionally and internationally. The animals were found in an unusual horse cemetery site found within the City of Westminster, London, England. Enamel strontium, oxygen, and carbon isotope analysis of 15 individuals provides information about likely place of birth, diet
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Chemosensory detection of polyamine metabolites guides C. elegans to nutritive microbes Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-22 Benjamin Brissette, Lia Ficaro, Chenguang Li, Drew R. Jones, Sharad Ramanathan, Niels Ringstad
Much is known about molecular mechanisms by which animals detect pathogenic microbes, but how animals sense beneficial microbes remains poorly understood. The roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans is a microbivore that must distinguish nutritive microbes from pathogens. We characterized a neural circuit used by C. elegans to rapidly discriminate between nutritive bacteria and pathogens. Distinct sensory
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Iterative nanoparticle bioengineering enabled by x-ray fluorescence imaging Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-22 Giovanni M. Saladino, Bertha Brodin, Ronak Kakadiya, Muhammet S. Toprak, Hans M. Hertz
Nanoparticles (NPs) are currently developed for drug delivery and molecular imaging. However, they often get intercepted before reaching their target, leading to low targeting efficacy and signal-to-noise ratio. They tend to accumulate in organs like lungs, liver, kidneys, and spleen. The remedy is to iteratively engineer NP surface properties and administration strategies, presently a time-consuming
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Physical science research needed to evaluate the viability and risks of marine cloud brightening Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-20 Graham Feingold, Virendra P. Ghate, Lynn M. Russell, Peter Blossey, Will Cantrell, Matthew W. Christensen, Michael S. Diamond, Andrew Gettelman, Franziska Glassmeier, Edward Gryspeerdt, James Haywood, Fabian Hoffmann, Colleen M. Kaul, Matthew Lebsock, Allison C. McComiskey, Daniel T. McCoy, Yi Ming, Johannes Mülmenstädt, Anna Possner, Prasanth Prabhakaran, Patricia K. Quinn, K. Sebastian Schmidt, Raymond
Marine cloud brightening (MCB) is the deliberate injection of aerosol particles into shallow marine clouds to increase their reflection of solar radiation and reduce the amount of energy absorbed by the climate system. From the physical science perspective, the consensus of a broad international group of scientists is that the viability of MCB will ultimately depend on whether observations and models
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Emergence of co-tuning in inhibitory neurons as a network phenomenon mediated by randomness, correlations, and homeostatic plasticity Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-20 Fereshteh Lagzi, Adrienne L. Fairhall
Cortical excitatory neurons show clear tuning to stimulus features, but the tuning properties of inhibitory interneurons are ambiguous. While inhibitory neurons have been considered to be largely untuned, some studies show that some parvalbumin-expressing (PV) neurons do show feature selectivity and participate in co-tuned subnetworks with pyramidal neurons. In this study, we first use mean-field theory
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Childhood cancer mutagenesis caused by transposase-derived PGBD5 Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-22 Makiko Yamada, Ross R. Keller, Rodrigo Lopez Gutierrez, Daniel Cameron, Hiromichi Suzuki, Reeti Sanghrajka, Jake Vaynshteyn, Jeffrey Gerwin, Francesco Maura, William Hooper, Minita Shah, Nicolas Robine, Phillip Demarest, N. Sumru Bayin, Luz Jubierre Zapater, Casie Reed, Steven Hébert, Ignas Masilionis, Ronan Chaligne, Nicholas D. Socci, Michael D. Taylor, Claudia L. Kleinman, Alexandra L. Joyner, G
Genomic rearrangements are a hallmark of most childhood tumors, including medulloblastoma, one of the most common brain tumors in children, but their causes remain largely unknown. Here, we show that PiggyBac transposable element derived 5 (Pgbd5) promotes tumor development in multiple developmentally accurate mouse models of Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) medulloblastoma. Most Pgbd5-deficient mice do not develop
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Modeling the inner part of the jet in M87: Confronting jet morphology with theory Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-22 Hai Yang, Feng Yuan, Hui Li, Yosuke Mizuno, Fan Guo, Rusen Lu, Luis C. Ho, Xi Lin, Andrzej A. Zdziarski, Jieshuang Wang
The formation of jets in black hole accretion systems is a long-standing problem. It has been proposed that a jet can be formed by extracting the rotation energy of the black hole (“BZ-jet”) or the accretion flow (“disk-jet”). While both models can produce collimated relativistic outflows, neither has successfully explained the observed jet morphology. By using general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic
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Stochastic neuro-fuzzy system implemented in memristor crossbar arrays Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-22 Tuo Shi, Hui Zhang, Shiyu Cui, Jinchang Liu, Zixi Gu, Zhanfeng Wang, Xiaobing Yan, Qi Liu
Neuro-symbolic artificial intelligence has garnered considerable attention amid increasing industry demands for high-performance neural networks that are interpretable and adaptable to previously unknown problem domains with minimal reconfiguration. However, implementing neuro-symbolic hardware is challenging due to the complexity in symbolic knowledge representation and calculation. We experimentally
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Non–steady state thermometry with optical diffraction tomography Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-22 Adarsh B. Vasista, Bernard Ciraulo, Falko Schmidt, Jaime Ortega Arroyo, Romain Quidant
Label-free thermometry is a pivotal tool for many disciplines. However, most current approaches are only suitable for planar heat sources in steady state, thereby restricting the range of systems that can be reliably studied. Here, we introduce pump probe–based optical diffraction tomography (ODT) as a method to map temperature precisely and accurately in three dimensions (3D) at the single-particle
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Bone-inspired stress-gaining elastomer enabled by dynamic molecular locking Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-22 Yang Wang, Qingbao Guan, Yue Guo, Lijie Sun, Rasoul Esmaeely Neisiany, Xuran Guo, Hongfei Huang, Lei Yang, Zhengwei You
The limited capacity of typical materials to resist stress loading, which affects their mechanical performance, is one of the most formidable challenges in materials science. Here, we propose a bone-inspired stress-gaining concept of converting typically destructive stress into a favorable factor to substantially enhance the mechanical properties of elastomers. The concept was realized by a molecular
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Complementary integration of organic electrochemical transistors for front-end amplifier circuits of flexible neural implants Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-22 Ilke Uguz, David Ohayon, Sinan Yilmaz, Sophie Griggs, Rajendar Sheelamanthula, Jason D. Fabbri, Iain McCulloch, Sahika Inal, Kenneth L. Shepard
The ability to amplify, translate, and process small ionic potential fluctuations of neural processes directly at the recording site is essential to improve the performance of neural implants. Organic front-end analog electronics are ideal for this application, allowing for minimally invasive amplifiers owing to their tissue-like mechanical properties. Here, we demonstrate fully organic complementary
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Critical fluctuations in a confined driven-dissipative quantum condensate Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-22 Hassan Alnatah, Paolo Comaron, Shouvik Mukherjee, Jonathan Beaumariage, Loren N. Pfeiffer, Ken West, Kirk Baldwin, Marzena Szymańska, David W. Snoke
Phase fluctuations determine the low-energy properties of quantum condensates. However, at the condensation threshold, both density and phase fluctuations are relevant. While strong emphasis has been given to the investigation of phase fluctuations, which dominate the physics of the quantum system away from the critical point, number fluctuations have been much less explored even in thermal equilibrium
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The 2023 extreme coastal El Niño: Atmospheric and air-sea coupling mechanisms Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-22 Qihua Peng, Shang-Ping Xie, Gino A. Passalacqua, Ayumu Miyamoto, Clara Deser
In the boreal spring of 2023, an extreme coastal El Niño struck the coastal regions of Peru and Ecuador, causing devastating rainfalls, flooding, and record dengue outbreaks. Observations and ocean model experiments reveal that northerly alongshore winds and westerly wind anomalies in the eastern equatorial Pacific, initially associated with a record-strong Madden-Julian Oscillation and cyclonic disturbance
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Supercharged precision killers: Genetically engineered biomimetic drugs of screened metalloantibiotics against Acinetobacter baumanni Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-22 Xianyuan Wei, Bin Xue, Shuangchen Ruan, Jintong Guo, Yujing Huang, Xiaorui Geng, Dan Wang, Cangtao Zhou, Jun Zheng, Zhen Yuan
To eliminate multidrug-resistant bacteria of Acinetobacter baumannii, we screened 1100 Food and Drug Administration–approved small molecule drugs and accessed the broxyquinoline (Bq) efficacy in combination with various metal ions. Antibacterial tests demonstrated that the prepared Zn(Bq)2 complex showed ultralow minimum inhibitory concentration of ~0.21 micrograms per milliliter with no resistance
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Multistability and intermediate tipping of the Atlantic Ocean circulation Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-22 Johannes Lohmann, Henk A. Dijkstra, Markus Jochum, Valerio Lucarini, Peter D. Ditlevsen
Tipping points (TP) in climate subsystems are usually thought to occur at a well-defined, critical forcing parameter threshold, via destabilization of the system state by a single, dominant positive feedback. However, coupling to other subsystems, additional feedbacks, and spatial heterogeneity may promote further small-amplitude, abrupt reorganizations of geophysical flows at forcing levels lower
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Peripheral priming induces plastic transcriptomic and proteomic responses in circulating neutrophils required for pathogen containment Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-22 Rainer Kaiser, Christoph Gold, Markus Joppich, Quentin Loew, Anastassia Akhalkatsi, Tonina T. Mueller, Felix Offensperger, Augustin Droste zu Senden, Oliver Popp, Lea di Fina, Viktoria Knottenberg, Alejandro Martinez-Navarro, Luke Eivers, Afra Anjum, Raphael Escaig, Nils Bruns, Eva Briem, Robin Dewender, Abhinaya Muraly, Sezer Akgöl, Bartolo Ferraro, Jonathan K. L. Hoeflinger, Vivien Polewka, Najib
Neutrophils rapidly respond to inflammation and infection, but to which degree their functional trajectories after mobilization from the bone marrow are shaped within the circulation remains vague. Experimental limitations have so far hampered neutrophil research in human disease. Here, using innovative fixation and single-cell–based toolsets, we profile human and murine neutrophil transcriptomes and
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How to identify cell material in a single ice grain emitted from Enceladus or Europa Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-22 Fabian Klenner, Janine Bönigk, Maryse Napoleoni, Jon Hillier, Nozair Khawaja, Karen Olsson-Francis, Morgan L. Cable, Michael J. Malaska, Sascha Kempf, Bernd Abel, Frank Postberg
Icy moons like Enceladus, and perhaps Europa, emit material sourced from their subsurface oceans into space via plumes of ice grains and gas. Both moons are prime targets for astrobiology investigations. Cassini measurements revealed a large compositional diversity of emitted ice grains with only 1 to 4% of Enceladus’s plume ice grains containing organic material in high concentrations. Here, we report
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FOXL2 interaction with different binding partners regulates the dynamics of ovarian development Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-22 Roberta Migale, Michelle Neumann, Richard Mitter, Mahmoud-Reza Rafiee, Sophie Wood, Jessica Olsen, Robin Lovell-Badge
The transcription factor FOXL2 is required in ovarian somatic cells for female fertility. Differential timing of Foxl2 deletion, in embryonic versus adult mouse ovary, leads to distinctive outcomes, suggesting different roles across development. Here, we comprehensively investigated FOXL2’s role through a multi-omics approach to characterize gene expression dynamics and chromatin accessibility changes
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Multiring basin formation constrains Europa’s ice shell thickness Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-20 Shigeru Wakita, Brandon C. Johnson, Elizabeth A. Silber, Kelsi N. Singer
Jupiter’s moon Europa hosts a subsurface ocean under an ice shell of uncertain thickness. Europa has two multiring basins that exhibit several concentric rings. The formation of these multiring basins is thought to be sensitive to the thickness and thermal structure of the ice shell. Here, we simulate multiring basin forming impacts on Europa finding that a total ice shell greater than 20 kilometers
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An evolutionarily conserved olfactory receptor is required for sex differences in blood pressure Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-20 Jiaojiao Xu, Rira Choi, Kunal Gupta, Helen R. Warren, Lakshmi Santhanam, Jennifer L. Pluznick
Sex differences in blood pressure are well-established, with premenopausal women having lower blood pressure than men by ~10 millimeters of mercury; however, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. We report here that sex differences in blood pressure are absent in olfactory receptor 558 knockout (KO) mice. Olfr558 localizes to renin-positive cells in the kidney and to vascular smooth muscle
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Sulfur disproportionation in deep COHS slab fluids drives mantle wedge oxidation Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-20 Andrea Maffeis, Maria Luce Frezzotti, James Alexander Denis Connolly, Daniele Castelli, Simona Ferrando
Sulfur degassed at volcanic arcs calls for dissolved sulfate ions (S6+) released by subduction-zone fluids, oxidizing (in association with carbon) the subarc mantle, but sulfur speciation in subduction fluids at subarc depths remains unclear. We apply electrolytic fluid thermodynamics to model the dissolution behavior of pyrite in metacarbonate sediments as a function of P, T and rock redox state up
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ERK-activated CK-2 triggers blastema formation during appendage regeneration Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-20 Xiao-Shuai Zhang, Lin Wei, Wei Zhang, Fei-Xue Zhang, Lin Li, Liang Li, Yejie Wen, Jia-Hui Zhang, Suning Liu, Dongwei Yuan, Yanmei Liu, Chonghua Ren, Sheng Li
Appendage regeneration relies on the formation of blastema, a heterogeneous cellular structure formed at the injury site. However, little is known about the early injury-activated signaling pathways that trigger blastema formation during appendage regeneration. Here, we provide compelling evidence that the extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK)–activated casein kinase 2 (CK-2), which has not been
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Quantum control of exciton wave functions in 2D semiconductors Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-20 Jenny Hu, Etienne Lorchat, Xueqi Chen, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Tony F. Heinz, Puneet A. Murthy, Thibault Chervy
Excitons—bound electron-hole pairs—play a central role in light-matter interaction phenomena and are crucial for wide-ranging applications from light harvesting and generation to quantum information processing. A long-standing challenge in solid-state optics has been to achieve precise and scalable control over excitonic motion. We present a technique using nanostructured gate electrodes to create
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Distributed sensing along fibers for smart clothing Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-20 Brett C. Hannigan, Tyler J. Cuthbert, Chakaveh Ahmadizadeh, Carlo Menon
Textile sensors transform our everyday clothing into a means to track movement and biosignals in a completely unobtrusive way. One major hindrance to the adoption of “smart” clothing is the difficulty encountered with connections and space when scaling up the number of sensors. There is a lack of research addressing a key limitation in wearable electronics: Connections between rigid and textile elements
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Gastrulation-stage gene expression in Nipbl+/− mouse embryos foreshadows the development of syndromic birth defects Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-20 Stephenson Chea, Jesse Kreger, Martha E. Lopez-Burks, Adam L. MacLean, Arthur D. Lander, Anne L. Calof
In animal models, Nipbl deficiency phenocopies gene expression changes and birth defects seen in Cornelia de Lange syndrome, the most common cause of which is Nipbl haploinsufficiency. Previous studies in Nipbl+/− mice suggested that heart development is abnormal as soon as cardiogenic tissue is formed. To investigate this, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing on wild-type and Nipbl+/− mouse embryos
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Molecular basis for substrate transport of Mycobacterium tuberculosis ABC importer DppABCD Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-20 Tianyu Hu, Xiaolin Yang, Yuanchen Zhu, Fengjiang Liu, Xiuna Yang, Zhiqi Xiong, Jingxi Liang, Zhenli Lin, Yuting Ran, Luke W. Guddat, Zihe Rao, Bing Zhang
The type I adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP)–binding cassette (ABC) transporter DppABCD is believed to be responsible for the import of exogenous heme as an iron source into the cytoplasm of the human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Additionally, this system is also known to be involved in the acquisition of tri- or tetra-peptides. Here, we report the cryo–electron microscopy structures of
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The largest freshwater odontocete: A South Asian river dolphin relative from the proto-Amazonia Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-20 Aldo Benites-Palomino, Gabriel Aguirre-Fernández, Patrice Baby, Diana Ochoa, Ali Altamirano, John J. Flynn, Marcelo R. Sánchez-Villagra, Julia V. Tejada, Christian de Muizon, Rodolfo Salas-Gismondi
Several dolphin lineages have independently invaded freshwater systems. Among these, the evolution of the South Asian river dolphin Platanista and its relatives (Platanistidae) remains virtually unknown as fossils are scarce. Here, we describe Pebanista yacuruna gen. et sp. nov., a dolphin from the Miocene proto-Amazonia of Peru, recovered in phylogenies as the closest relative of Platanista. Morphological
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Aligned carbon nanotube–based electronics on glass wafer Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-22 Xiaohan Cheng, Zipeng Pan, Chenwei Fan, Zhichen Wu, Li Ding, Lian-mao Peng
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), due to excellent electronic properties, are emerging as a promising semiconductor for diverse electronic applications with superiority over silicon. However, until now, the supposed superiority of CNTs by “head-to-head” comparison within a well-defined voltage range remains unrealized. Here, we report aligned CNT (ACNT)–based electronics on a glass wafer and successfully develop
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The 2023 extreme coastal El Niño: Atmospheric and air-sea coupling mechanisms Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-22 Qihua Peng, Shang-Ping Xie, Gino A. Passalacqua, Ayumu Miyamoto, Clara Deser
In the boreal spring of 2023, an extreme coastal El Niño struck the coastal regions of Peru and Ecuador, causing devastating rainfalls, flooding, and record dengue outbreaks. Observations and ocean model experiments reveal that northerly alongshore winds and westerly wind anomalies in the eastern equatorial Pacific, initially associated with a record-strong Madden-Julian Oscillation and cyclonic disturbance
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Childhood cancer mutagenesis caused by transposase-derived PGBD5 Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-22 Makiko Yamada, Ross R. Keller, Rodrigo Lopez Gutierrez, Daniel Cameron, Hiromichi Suzuki, Reeti Sanghrajka, Jake Vaynshteyn, Jeffrey Gerwin, Francesco Maura, William Hooper, Minita Shah, Nicolas Robine, Phillip Demarest, N. Sumru Bayin, Luz Jubierre Zapater, Casie Reed, Steven Hébert, Ignas Masilionis, Ronan Chaligne, Nicholas D. Socci, Michael D. Taylor, Claudia L. Kleinman, Alexandra L. Joyner, G
Genomic rearrangements are a hallmark of most childhood tumors, including medulloblastoma, one of the most common brain tumors in children, but their causes remain largely unknown. Here, we show that PiggyBac transposable element derived 5 (Pgbd5) promotes tumor development in multiple developmentally accurate mouse models of Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) medulloblastoma. Most Pgbd5-deficient mice do not develop
-
Non–steady state thermometry with optical diffraction tomography Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-22 Adarsh B. Vasista, Bernard Ciraulo, Falko Schmidt, Jaime Ortega Arroyo, Romain Quidant
Label-free thermometry is a pivotal tool for many disciplines. However, most current approaches are only suitable for planar heat sources in steady state, thereby restricting the range of systems that can be reliably studied. Here, we introduce pump probe–based optical diffraction tomography (ODT) as a method to map temperature precisely and accurately in three dimensions (3D) at the single-particle
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SF3B1 mutations provide genetic vulnerability to copper ionophores in human acute myeloid leukemia Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-22 Céline Moison, Deanne Gracias, Julie Schmitt, Simon Girard, Jean-François Spinella, Simon Fortier, Isabel Boivin, Rodrigo Mendoza-Sanchez, Bounkham Thavonekham, Tara MacRae, Nadine Mayotte, Eric Bonneil, Mark Wittman, James Carmichael, Réjean Ruel, Pierre Thibault, Josée Hébert, Anne Marinier, Guy Sauvageau
In a phenotypical screen of 56 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patient samples and using a library of 10,000 compounds, we identified a hit with increased sensitivity toward SF3B1 -mutated and adverse risk AMLs. Through structure-activity relationship studies, this hit was optimized into a potent, specific, and nongenotoxic molecule called UM4118. We demonstrated that UM4118 acts as a copper ionophore
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Complementary integration of organic electrochemical transistors for front-end amplifier circuits of flexible neural implants Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-22 Ilke Uguz, David Ohayon, Sinan Yilmaz, Sophie Griggs, Rajendar Sheelamanthula, Jason D. Fabbri, Iain McCulloch, Sahika Inal, Kenneth L. Shepard
The ability to amplify, translate, and process small ionic potential fluctuations of neural processes directly at the recording site is essential to improve the performance of neural implants. Organic front-end analog electronics are ideal for this application, allowing for minimally invasive amplifiers owing to their tissue-like mechanical properties. Here, we demonstrate fully organic complementary
-
Multistability and intermediate tipping of the Atlantic Ocean circulation Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-22 Johannes Lohmann, Henk A. Dijkstra, Markus Jochum, Valerio Lucarini, Peter D. Ditlevsen
Tipping points (TP) in climate subsystems are usually thought to occur at a well-defined, critical forcing parameter threshold, via destabilization of the system state by a single, dominant positive feedback. However, coupling to other subsystems, additional feedbacks, and spatial heterogeneity may promote further small-amplitude, abrupt reorganizations of geophysical flows at forcing levels lower
-
Critical fluctuations in a confined driven-dissipative quantum condensate Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-22 Hassan Alnatah, Paolo Comaron, Shouvik Mukherjee, Jonathan Beaumariage, Loren N. Pfeiffer, Ken West, Kirk Baldwin, Marzena Szymańska, David W. Snoke
Phase fluctuations determine the low-energy properties of quantum condensates. However, at the condensation threshold, both density and phase fluctuations are relevant. While strong emphasis has been given to the investigation of phase fluctuations, which dominate the physics of the quantum system away from the critical point, number fluctuations have been much less explored even in thermal equilibrium
-
Chemosensory detection of polyamine metabolites guides C. elegans to nutritive microbes Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-22 Benjamin Brissette, Lia Ficaro, Chenguang Li, Drew R. Jones, Sharad Ramanathan, Niels Ringstad
Much is known about molecular mechanisms by which animals detect pathogenic microbes, but how animals sense beneficial microbes remains poorly understood. The roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans is a microbivore that must distinguish nutritive microbes from pathogens. We characterized a neural circuit used by C. elegans to rapidly discriminate between nutritive bacteria and pathogens. Distinct sensory
-
Iterative nanoparticle bioengineering enabled by x-ray fluorescence imaging Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-22 Giovanni M. Saladino, Bertha Brodin, Ronak Kakadiya, Muhammet S. Toprak, Hans M. Hertz
Nanoparticles (NPs) are currently developed for drug delivery and molecular imaging. However, they often get intercepted before reaching their target, leading to low targeting efficacy and signal-to-noise ratio. They tend to accumulate in organs like lungs, liver, kidneys, and spleen. The remedy is to iteratively engineer NP surface properties and administration strategies, presently a time-consuming
-
Modeling the inner part of the jet in M87: Confronting jet morphology with theory Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-22 Hai Yang, Feng Yuan, Hui Li, Yosuke Mizuno, Fan Guo, Rusen Lu, Luis C. Ho, Xi Lin, Andrzej A. Zdziarski, Jieshuang Wang
The formation of jets in black hole accretion systems is a long-standing problem. It has been proposed that a jet can be formed by extracting the rotation energy of the black hole (“BZ-jet”) or the accretion flow (“disk-jet”). While both models can produce collimated relativistic outflows, neither has successfully explained the observed jet morphology. By using general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic
-
Supercharged precision killers: Genetically engineered biomimetic drugs of screened metalloantibiotics against Acinetobacter baumanni Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-22 Xianyuan Wei, Bin Xue, Shuangchen Ruan, Jintong Guo, Yujing Huang, Xiaorui Geng, Dan Wang, Cangtao Zhou, Jun Zheng, Zhen Yuan
To eliminate multidrug-resistant bacteria of Acinetobacter baumannii , we screened 1100 Food and Drug Administration–approved small molecule drugs and accessed the broxyquinoline (Bq) efficacy in combination with various metal ions. Antibacterial tests demonstrated that the prepared Zn(Bq) 2 complex showed ultralow minimum inhibitory concentration of ~0.21 micrograms per milliliter with no resistance
-
Generation of entangled waveguided photon pairs by free electrons Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-22 Theis P. Rasmussen, Álvaro Rodríguez Echarri, Joel D. Cox, F. Javier García de Abajo
Entangled photons are a key resource in quantum technologies. While intense laser light propagating in nonlinear crystals is conventionally used to generate entangled photons, such schemes have low efficiency due to the weak nonlinear response of known materials and losses associated with in/out photon coupling. Here, we show how to generate entangled polariton pairs directly within optical waveguides
-
Peripheral priming induces plastic transcriptomic and proteomic responses in circulating neutrophils required for pathogen containment Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-22 Rainer Kaiser, Christoph Gold, Markus Joppich, Quentin Loew, Anastassia Akhalkatsi, Tonina T. Mueller, Felix Offensperger, Augustin Droste zu Senden, Oliver Popp, Lea di Fina, Viktoria Knottenberg, Alejandro Martinez-Navarro, Luke Eivers, Afra Anjum, Raphael Escaig, Nils Bruns, Eva Briem, Robin Dewender, Abhinaya Muraly, Sezer Akgöl, Bartolo Ferraro, Jonathan K. L. Hoeflinger, Vivien Polewka, Najib
Neutrophils rapidly respond to inflammation and infection, but to which degree their functional trajectories after mobilization from the bone marrow are shaped within the circulation remains vague. Experimental limitations have so far hampered neutrophil research in human disease. Here, using innovative fixation and single-cell–based toolsets, we profile human and murine neutrophil transcriptomes and
-
Stochastic neuro-fuzzy system implemented in memristor crossbar arrays Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-22 Tuo Shi, Hui Zhang, Shiyu Cui, Jinchang Liu, Zixi Gu, Zhanfeng Wang, Xiaobing Yan, Qi Liu
Neuro-symbolic artificial intelligence has garnered considerable attention amid increasing industry demands for high-performance neural networks that are interpretable and adaptable to previously unknown problem domains with minimal reconfiguration. However, implementing neuro-symbolic hardware is challenging due to the complexity in symbolic knowledge representation and calculation. We experimentally
-
How to identify cell material in a single ice grain emitted from Enceladus or Europa Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-22 Fabian Klenner, Janine Bönigk, Maryse Napoleoni, Jon Hillier, Nozair Khawaja, Karen Olsson-Francis, Morgan L. Cable, Michael J. Malaska, Sascha Kempf, Bernd Abel, Frank Postberg
Icy moons like Enceladus, and perhaps Europa, emit material sourced from their subsurface oceans into space via plumes of ice grains and gas. Both moons are prime targets for astrobiology investigations. Cassini measurements revealed a large compositional diversity of emitted ice grains with only 1 to 4% of Enceladus’s plume ice grains containing organic material in high concentrations. Here, we report
-
Bone-inspired stress-gaining elastomer enabled by dynamic molecular locking Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-22 Yang Wang, Qingbao Guan, Yue Guo, Lijie Sun, Rasoul Esmaeely Neisiany, Xuran Guo, Hongfei Huang, Lei Yang, Zhengwei You
The limited capacity of typical materials to resist stress loading, which affects their mechanical performance, is one of the most formidable challenges in materials science. Here, we propose a bone-inspired stress-gaining concept of converting typically destructive stress into a favorable factor to substantially enhance the mechanical properties of elastomers. The concept was realized by a molecular
-
Incipient carbonate melting drives metal and sulfur mobilization in the mantle Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-22 Isra S. Ezad, Martin Saunders, Svyatoslav S. Shcheka, Marco L. Fiorentini, Lauren R. Gorojovsky, Michael W. Förster, Stephen F. Foley
We present results from high-pressure, high-temperature experiments that generate incipient carbonate melts at mantle conditions (~90 kilometers depth and temperatures between 750° and 1050°C). We show that these primitive carbonate melts can sequester sulfur in its oxidized form of sulfate, as well as base and precious metals from mantle lithologies of peridotite and pyroxenite. It is proposed that
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FOXL2 interaction with different binding partners regulates the dynamics of ovarian development Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-22 Roberta Migale, Michelle Neumann, Richard Mitter, Mahmoud-Reza Rafiee, Sophie Wood, Jessica Olsen, Robin Lovell-Badge
The transcription factor FOXL2 is required in ovarian somatic cells for female fertility. Differential timing of Foxl2 deletion, in embryonic versus adult mouse ovary, leads to distinctive outcomes, suggesting different roles across development. Here, we comprehensively investigated FOXL2’s role through a multi-omics approach to characterize gene expression dynamics and chromatin accessibility changes
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Isotopic biographies reveal horse rearing and trading networks in medieval London Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-22 Alexander J. E. Pryor, Carly Ameen, Robert Liddiard, Gary Baker, Katherine S. Kanne, J. Andy Milton, Christopher D. Standish, Bastian Hambach, Ludovic Orlando, Lorelei Chauvey, Stephanie Schiavinato, Laure Calvière-Tonasso, Gaetan Tressières, Stefanie Wagner, John Southon, Beth Shapiro, Alan Pipe, Oliver H. Creighton, Alan K. Outram
This paper reports a high-resolution isotopic study of medieval horse mobility, revealing their origins and in-life mobility both regionally and internationally. The animals were found in an unusual horse cemetery site found within the City of Westminster, London, England. Enamel strontium, oxygen, and carbon isotope analysis of 15 individuals provides information about likely place of birth, diet
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Ultralow-loss optical interconnect enabled by topological unidirectional guided resonance Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-20 Haoran Wang, Yi Zuo, Xuefan Yin, Zihao Chen, Zixuan Zhang, Feifan Wang, Yuefeng Hu, Xiaoyu Zhang, Chao Peng
Grating couplers that interconnect photonic chips to off-chip components are crucial for various optoelectronics applications. Despite numerous efforts in past decades, the existing grating couplers are still far from optimal in energy efficiency and thus hinder photonic integration toward a larger scale. Here, we propose a strategy to achieve ultralow-loss grating couplers by using unidirectional
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Longitudinal intravital imaging of mouse placenta Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-20 Xiaoyi Zhu, Qiang Huang, Laiming Jiang, Van-Tu Nguyen, Tri Vu, Garth Devlin, Jabbar Shaima, Xiaobei Wang, Yong Chen, Lijun Ma, Kun Xiang, Ergang Wang, Qiangzhou Rong, Qifa Zhou, Yubin Kang, Aravind Asokan, Liping Feng, Shiao-Wen D. Hsu, Xiling Shen, Junjie Yao
Studying placental functions is crucial for understanding pregnancy complications. However, imaging placenta is challenging due to its depth, volume, and motion distortions. In this study, we have developed an implantable placenta window in mice that enables high-resolution photoacoustic and fluorescence imaging of placental development throughout the pregnancy. The placenta window exhibits excellent
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In situ structural insights into the excitation-contraction coupling mechanism of skeletal muscle Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-20 Jiashu Xu, Chenyi Liao, Chang-Cheng Yin, Guohui Li, Yun Zhu, Fei Sun
Excitation-contraction coupling (ECC) is a fundamental mechanism in control of skeletal muscle contraction and occurs at triad junctions, where dihydropyridine receptors (DHPRs) on transverse tubules sense excitation signals and then cause calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum via coupling to type 1 ryanodine receptors (RyR1s), inducing the subsequent contraction of muscle filaments. However
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Reactive astrocytes secrete the chaperone HSPB1 to mediate neuroprotection Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-20 Fangjia Yang, Paula Beltran-Lobo, Katherine Sung, Caoimhe Goldrick, Cara L. Croft, Agnes Nishimura, Erin Hedges, Farah Mahiddine, Claire Troakes, Todd E. Golde, Beatriz G. Perez-Nievas, Diane P. Hanger, Wendy Noble, Maria Jimenez-Sanchez
Molecular chaperones are protective in neurodegenerative diseases by preventing protein misfolding and aggregation, such as extracellular amyloid plaques and intracellular tau neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In addition, AD is characterized by an increase in astrocyte reactivity. The chaperone HSPB1 has been proposed as a marker for reactive astrocytes; however, its astrocytic
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Termination of convulsion seizures by destabilizing and perturbing seizure memory engrams Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-20 Shirong Lai, Libo Zhang, Xinyu Tu, Xinyue Ma, Yujing Song, Kexin Cao, Miaomiao Li, Jihong Meng, Yiqiang Shi, Qing Wu, Chen Yang, Zifan Lan, Chunyue Geoffrey Lau, Jie Shi, Weining Ma, Shaoyi Li, Yan-Xue Xue, Zhuo Huang
Epileptogenesis, arising from alterations in synaptic strength, shares mechanistic and phenotypic parallels with memory formation. However, direct evidence supporting the existence of seizure memory remains scarce. Leveraging a conditioned seizure memory (CSM) paradigm, we found that CSM enabled the environmental cue to trigger seizure repetitively, and activating cue-responding engram cells could
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An RNA origami robot that traps and releases a fluorescent aptamer Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-20 Néstor Sampedro Vallina, Ewan K. S. McRae, Cody Geary, Ebbe S. Andersen
RNA nanotechnology aims to use RNA as a programmable material to create self-assembling nanodevices for application in medicine and synthetic biology. The main challenge is to develop advanced RNA robotic devices that both sense, compute, and actuate to obtain enhanced control over molecular processes. Here, we use the RNA origami method to prototype an RNA robotic device, named the “Traptamer,” that
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A thermally conductive Martian core and implications for its dynamo cessation Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-20 Wen-Pin Hsieh, Frédéric Deschamps, Yi-Chi Tsao, Takashi Yoshino, Jung-Fu Lin
Mars experienced a dynamo process that generated a global magnetic field ~4.3 (or earlier) to 3.6 billion years ago (Ga). The cessation of this dynamo strongly affected Mars’ history and is expected to be linked to thermochemical evolution of Mars’ iron-rich liquid core, which is strongly influenced by its thermal conductivity. Here, we directly measured thermal conductivities of solid iron-sulfur
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Millimeter-scale magnetic implants paired with a fully integrated wearable device for wireless biophysical and biochemical sensing Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-20 Ji Wan, Zhongyi Nie, Jie Xu, Zixuan Zhang, Shenglian Yao, Zehua Xiang, Xiang Lin, Yuxing Lu, Chen Xu, Pengcheng Zhao, Yiran Wang, Jingyan Zhang, Yaozheng Wang, Shaotong Zhang, Jinzhuo Wang, Weitao Man, Min Zhang, Mengdi Han
Implantable sensors can directly interface with various organs for precise evaluation of health status. However, extracting signals from such sensors mainly requires transcutaneous wires, integrated circuit chips, or cumbersome readout equipment, which increases the risks of infection, reduces biocompatibility, or limits portability. Here, we develop a set of millimeter-scale, chip-less, and battery-less
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JAK/STAT signaling pathway affects CCR5 expression in human CD4+ T cells Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-20 Lingyun Wang, Yunus Yukselten, Julius Nuwagaba, Richard E. Sutton
CCR5 serves as R5-tropic HIV co-receptor. Knocking out CCR5 in HIV patients, which has occurred <10 times, is believed important for cure. JAK/STAT inhibitors tofacitinib and ruxolitinib inhibit CCR5 expression in HIV+ viremic patients. We investigated the association of JAK/STAT signaling pathway with CCR5/CCR2 expression in human primary CD4+ T cells and confirmed its importance. Six of nine JAK/STAT
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Coherent charge hopping suppresses photoexcited small polarons in ErFeO3 by antiadiabatic formation mechanism Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-20 Ye-Jin Kim, Jocelyn L. Mendes, Jonathan M. Michelsen, Hyun Jun Shin, Nara Lee, Young Jai Choi, Scott K. Cushing
Polarons are prevalent in condensed matter systems with strong electron-phonon coupling. The adiabaticity of the polaron relates to its transport properties and spatial extent. To date, only adiabatic small polaron formation has been measured following photoexcitation. The lattice reorganization energy is large enough that the first electron–optical phonon scattering event creates a small polaron without