Radulanin A is a natural 2,5-dihydrobenzoxepin synthesized by several liverworts of the Radula genus. Breakthroughs in the total synthesis of radulanin A paved the way to the discovery of its phytotoxic activity. Nevertheless, its mode of action remained so far unknown and was investigated in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) is one of the most damaging rice viruses. The virus decreases rice quality and yield, and poses a serious threat to food security. From this perspective, this review performed a survey of published studies in recent years to understand the current status of SRBSDV and white-backed planthopper (WBPH, Sogatella furcifera) transmission processes in rice

Spodoptera frugiperda is an invasive, widespread agricultural pest in China. However, there have been no reports assessing feeding damage on wheat caused by S. frugiperda. To clarify the fitness and potential damage of S. frugiperda to wheat, this study analyzed the population parameters of S. frugiperda fed on wheat in a laboratory and simulated the potential damage in field conditions.

p-Aminobenzoic acid (pABA) is an environmentally friendly bioactive metabolite synthesized by Lysobacter antibioticus. This compound showed an unusual antifungal mode of action based on cytokinesis inhibition. However, the potential antibacterial properties of pABA remain unexplored.

Rewetting of peatland is commonly accepted as a useful measure for counteracting climate change. To increase the acceptance, an agricultural use of fen plants is needed. In this study, the optimal harvest date of Typha latifolia, Typha angustifolia and Phalaris arundinacea regarding their biogas potential and biogas yield per hectare was identified. Furthermore, the influence of the chemical composition

Farmers' interest in establishing agroforestry systems is increasing, as they are considered to have many benefits, such as the possibility of climate adaptation and crop diversification. Growing wood on agricultural land can produce biomass for energy or material purpose. Knowledge of the yield potential of the woody component in an agroforestry system is essential for informed decision making by

This study examines the mechanical energy comprising the sum of kinetic energy and potential energy for improving understanding of tree dynamics under free vibration. Two methods are proposed to reconstruct the mechanical energy by means of trees’ motion and dynamic properties measured by a multi-beam flash light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensor. The first method reconstructs the mechanical energy

We investigated the influence of seasonality and proximity to the forest canopy on nocturnal turbulence regimes in the roughness sublayer of a Central Amazon forest. Since convective systems of different scales are common in this region, we also analyzed the effect of extreme wind gusts (propagated from convective downdrafts) on the organization of the turbulence regimes, and their potential to cause

Observations of kilometer-scale turbulent fluxes of sensible (H) and latent heat (LE) are required for the validation of flux estimate algorithms from satellite remote-sensing data and the development of parameterization schemes in the hydro-meteorological models. Since 2019, two sets of Optical and Microwave scintillometer (OMS) systems have been operated in the Heihe River Basin of northwestern China

In sloping terrain, albedo measured in the horizontal plane is typically not representative for the underlying surface. Accordingly, albedo should be measured either parallel (termed slope-parallel albedo) or corrected from horizontal measurements (termed slope-corrected albedo) to represent the actual sloping surface. This study presents the theory and the effect when applying a simple slope correction

Urbanization and climate change are endangering the sustainability of public spaces through increased land artificialization, ecological fragmentation, reduced resource availability, and limited accessibility to natural and seminatural areas. Properly managing Green Infrastructure (GI) can contribute to mitigating these challenges by delivering multiple provisioning, regulating, supporting and cultural

Natural enemies are important in pest control. However, control by natural enemies is hindered by migration of rice planthoppers. Therefore, comigration and interactions between Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén) and Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) and five predator species, Chrysoperla sinica Tjeder, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas), Episyrphus balteatus, Syrphus corollae (Fab.), and Chrysopa pallens (Rambur)

Fluralaner is the first isoxazoline ectoparasiticide developed to protect companion animals from fleas and ticks. Fluralaner primarily inhibits arthropod γ-aminobutyric acid receptors (GABARs), which are ligand-gated ion channels comprising five subunits arranged around the channel pore. We previously reported that the action site of fluralaner resides at the M1–M3 transmembrane interface between adjacent

The Asian needle ant, Brachyponera chinensis, is an invasive ant currently spreading in urban and natural habitats throughout the eastern US. Recent studies have documented the negative impact of B. chinensis on native ecosystems and human health, yet effective control strategies are lacking. Control difficulties are, in part, due to the unique biology of B. chinensis, which is a predatory ant and

Phenacoccus solenopsis is a polyphagous invasive mealybug that caused serious damage to crops worldwide. Phloem-sucking hemipterans are known to carry symbiotic microbes in their saliva. However, the role of salivary bacteria of P. solenopsis in modulating plant defenses remains limited. Exploring the impact of salivary bacteria on plant defense responses will contribute to develop new targets for

Background Vegetation distribution maps are of great significance for nature protection and management. In diverse tropical forests, accurate spatial mapping of vegetation types is challenging; the high species diversity and abundance of rare species challenge classification concepts, while remote sensing signals may not vary systematically with species composition, complicating the technical capability

Accurate estimation of photosynthetic phenology is of great importance for understanding the response of terrestrial biosphere to climate change. The near-infrared reflectance of vegetation (NIRv) has been increasingly used to estimate photosynthetic phenology. However, topography significantly affects illumination conditions and induces uncertainty in the retrieval of NIRv photosynthetic phenology

In densely urbanized areas, small pockets of vegetated areas such as street verges, vacant lots, and walls can be rich in biodiversity. In spite of their small size, these ‘informal urban greenspaces’ can provide critical ecosystem services to urban residents. Maintaining and enhancing the provisioning of ecosystem services requires a systematic understanding of biodiversity patterns and drivers in

The English grain aphid, Sitobion avenae (Fabricius), is a devastating pest impacts yield and quality in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Breeding resistant wheat varieties and detecting resistance genes are important strategies to control aphid.

The development of renewable energy technologies, such as anaerobic digestion (AD) systems, is critical to the future of climate-adaptive energy systems. Volatile fatty acid (VFA) is one of the most important intermediates during the AD process, with two effects - inhibiting digestion and promoting CH4 production. Existing techniques for measuring VFA levels are restricted by difficulties in real-time

The effects of adding solid additive Oyster Shells (OS) and liquid additive Olive Mill Waste Water (OMWW) on product yields and properties were investigated and presented during the slow pyrolysis of Olive Pomace (OP) in a lab-scale batch reactor. OP impregnation with OMWW has improved the bio-oil production, with a maximum yield of 36.3 wt %. The maximum bio-char yield, however, was obtained with

Research exploring the relationship between human well-being and ecosystem functions by assessing cultural ecosystem benefits (CEBs) is a crucial and emerging field. However, quantifying CEB is challenging due to the lack of a uniform measurement scale. In addition, it is crucial to understand the factors that influence CEBs to enhance ecosystem functions and contribute to human well-being. While physical

This study aims to verify the effects of nature sounds on attention, and physiological and psychological relaxation. Twenty-six university students (mean age: 21.5 ± 1.9 years) participated in this study, and the experiment was conducted with one person at a time. A mixed sound of valley water and birds in a forest environment was used as the nature sound, and a road traffic sound was used as the urban

We applied drone remote sensing to identify relationships between key forest health indicators collected in the field and four Vegetative Indices (VI) to improve conservation management of urban forests. Key indicators of urban forest health revealed several areas of conservation concern including a majority of overstory trees in moderate to severe decline, canopy gaps, anthropogenic dumping, vines

Ultraviolet (UV) interferes with the vision, flight initiation, dispersal, host, and population dispersion of herbivorous insects. Hence, UV-blocking film has recently been developed as one of the most potential tools to control pests under tropical greenhouse conditions. In this study, we investigated the effects of UV-blocking film on the population dynamics of Thrips palmi Karny and the growth status

Conjugating amino acid moieties to active ingredients has been recognized as an effective method for improving the precise targeting of the active form to the specific site. Based on the vectorization strategy, a series of amino acid- tralopyril conjugates were designed and synthesized as novel proinsecticide candidates, with the potential capability of root uptake and translocation to the foliage

Intensive urbanization exacerbates overheating in cities, leading to negative impacts on human health. Although numerous studies have investigated the improvement of pedestrian comfort through street-level treatments, few have examined the influence on pedestrian walkability, and the spatial extent of cooling effects from paths to adjacent areas remains unevaluated. This study assesses the cooling

Sirex noctilio is an invasive forest wasp that affects pines and can result in severe economic losses. The use of semiochemicals offers an opportunity to develop sensitive and specific capturing systems to mitigate negative impacts. Previous research showed that female S. noctilio would use volatiles emitted by its fungal symbiont, Amylostereum areolatum, but little is known about how these modulate

Microbial biopesticides to control plant pathogens and insects in crops have had significant success. However, there have been relatively few successes for microbiol bioherbicides in crops, despite considerable publication and commercial product introductions in this area. Marketed microbial bioherbicide products for use in agriculture have been largely unsuccessful. This paper covers the potential

Stake surveys and in-ground monitoring stations have been widely used to study field populations of many subterranean termite species, but thus far they have never been intercepted by the invasive Asian subterranean termite, Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann) in southeastern Florida. To investigate the reasons for the inability of C. gestroi to intercept these in-ground monitoring devices, we compared its

The discovery and identification of targets is of far-reaching significance for developing novel pesticide candidates and increasing the probability of success. To successive explore and identify highly effective tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) helicase-targeted lead structure, a series of novel phosphonate derivatives containing a 1,2,3-triazole motif were thereby rationally engineered and assessed their

The properties of green space for physical and mental health have been widely demonstrated, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic. However, few studies have systematically focused on spatial indicator thresholds that provide a sense of refuge with restoration benefits. Four morphological indicators as area, coverage, enclosure, and the ratio of width to height(D/H), were quantified for thirty-one

The 24-hour circadian rhythm is considered crucial for insect sexual communication. However, its molecular mechanisms and signalling pathways, especially the roles of the clock gene period (Per), remain largely unclear. The sex pheromone communication behavior of Spodoptera litura displays typical circadian rhythm characteristics. Thus, it represents an excellent model for functional analyses of the

Tidal waste causes accumulation of seaweed and marine plants on coasts, resulting in an. eutrophication process and proliferation of insects, nematodes, and bacteria that negatively affect the beach ecosystem and local human economic activities. This work highlights the potential of beach wrack from the Andalusian Mediterranean coastline as cellulosic materials, in the frame of concepts such as waste

Residential properties in the United States represent a considerable amount of land area and contain substantial tree cover. Homeowners are important decision makers in the management of city trees because they influence the structure of urban forests, and ultimately, ecosystem service potential. To better understand the perceptions, knowledge, and practices of homeowners regarding residential tree

Hydrogen-rich syngas was a clean energy and an important industrial material. Based on the decoupling strategy of biomass chemical looping gasification process, this paper proposed a strategy of metal oxides embedded into molecular sieves to prepare highly dispersed and nanosized oxygen carriers for producing hydrogen-rich syngas. NiO@SBA-15, Fe2O3@SBA-15, and NiFe2O4@SBA-15 were prepared by the impregnation

Soil temperature, composition, and structure directly affect the heat transfer mechanisms in soil. Understanding the thermal behavior of soil is fundamental for describing the processes of mass and energy exchange in the soil-plant-atmosphere system. In addition, estimating thermal property values is necessary to determine the amount of heat transferred, stored, or transmitted by conduction and convection

Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) is a soil biofumigant used for controlling soil-borne pests that reduce the growth, quality and yield of food crops. Its effectiveness against pathogens depends largely on its distribution in the soil which is influenced mainly by the soil water content and application method. The distributions of AITC when injected with different moisture content or drip-irrigated into

Natural products are important sources of biopesticides to control plant virus, and flavonoids are identified as promising ant-TMV agents. Since Desmodium caudatum is a rich sources of flavonoids, this study focuses to the discovery of the new anti-TMV active flavonoids from D. caudatum and their possible mode of action.

Insect pests cause major yield losses to Gossypium hirsutum, which often require the use of chemical insecticides. To avoid human health, environmental and resistance problems, entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) can be used for controlling insect pests. In our study, the pathogenicity of Metarhizium anisopliae to Oxycarenus hyalinipennis was determined by immersion method. Further, the sub-lethal and lethal

Pepper blight, caused by Phytophthora capsici, is a destructive soil borne disease, which poses a serious threat to pepper, Capsicum annuum L., production. Chemical fungicides, which are mainly used to control pepper blight, have a negative effect on the environment, rendering biological control as a promising alternative to maintain the balance between ecology and pest management. The purpose of this

When stored in closed environments, wood pellets consume and react with atmospheric oxygen in oxidative reactions. These reactions result in the loss of dry matter and the release of oxidative heat. To measure the oxygen consumption, pellets with moisture content (m.c.) between 4 and 50% (wb) were stored in sealed jars for 10 days at 25, 40, and 60 °C. Air was drawn from the jar using a syringe. The

Water deficit limits grapevine water uptake. However, the quantitative contribution of drought to vine water requirements is largely uncharacterized. Thus, we set to explore whole-plant water use during short-term drought events and recovery and associate the proportional reduction in transpiration with changes in vine physiological attributes. We hypothesized that short drought events pose long-term

Across large portions of the western United States, drought intervals are increasing, often accompanied by larger-magnitude rainfalls. Semi-arid ecosystems are expected to be especially responsive to such temporal repackaging of rainfall because of their high sensitivity to variation in soil moisture. We conducted a field manipulation experiment to evaluate the impacts of summer rainfall repackaging

Urban green space is important for alleviating high temperatures, pollution, and flooding in cities. Furthermore, it is becoming increasingly clear that urban green space is important for the mental and physical health of humans residing in cities and that urban green space may harbor unique biodiversity. Understanding the extent and drivers of urban green space is thus important. While urban green

Evidence suggests that residential nature, e.g., greenness around the home, and nature-based recreation, e.g., visits to specific natural locations, are beneficial for health and well-being. However, several studies report that residential access is lower among socio-economically disadvantaged communities, potentially exacerbating health inequalities. We explored this issue in Austria, a relatively

Haloxyfop-P-methyl, an acetyl-CoA carboxylase(ACCase)-inhibiting herbicide, has been widely used to control grass weeds. Extensive haloxyfop-P-methyl use has led to glutathione transferase (GST)-mediated resistance in Digitaria sanguinalis in China's cotton fields. In a previous study involving haloxyfop-P-methyl resistant D. sanguinalis, a GST was identified as a candidate resistance gene. In this

The insecticides spinosad and imidacloprid are neurotoxins with distinct modes of action. Both target nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), albeit different subunits. Spinosad is an allosteric modulator, that upon binding initiates endocytosis of its target, nAChRα6. Imidacloprid binding triggers excessive neuronal ion influx. Despite these differences, low-dose effects converge downstream in

Pyrethroids are among the most applied adulticides worldwide to control mosquito vectors for prevention of arboviral diseases transmission. However, pesticide resistance development in a mosquito population could lead to decreased control efficacy. While most studies investigate the resistant genotype (i.e., kdr, CYP450, etc.) as explanatory variables, few field efficacy studies have measured pesticide

Public mental health issues have gained growing attention from academics and policymakers due to their increasing prevalence and multiple adverse and severe consequences. Although some studies have supported the benefits of parks on mental health, the causal relationship between park accessibility and mental health remains unclear. By converting a large cross-sectional sample of 22,060 undergraduates

Filamentous algae from the genus Tribonema presents a challenge in commercial applications because of their slow growth and low oil content. Magneto-electric composite fields (MECs) intervention has been used to increase the development of several plants; however, its effects on algal metabolism are unclear. Here, the Tribonema sp. was cultured under the interventions of ME (24/d-0.6V/cm, 1h/d-0.6V/cm

Urban green infrastructure is critical for providing a wide range of ecosystem goods and services that benefit the urban population. Past studies have suggested that multifunctionality concerning urban infrastructure services and functions is a prerequisite for targeting effective and impactful urban green infrastructure. Moreover, urban green infrastructure with multiple functions can offer socio-economic