Invertebrate animals living at the seafloor make up a prominent component of life globally, spanning 10 orders of magnitude in body size over 71% of Earth's surface. However, integrating information across sizes and sampling methodologies has limited our understanding of the influence of natural variation, climate change and human activity. Here, we outline maturing practices that can underpin both

Water quality parameters from 2000 to 2020 were used to identify the spatial and temporal sulfate variations in estuaries of the northwestern Gulf of Mexico. Sulfate enrichment relative to conservative mixing was found to be associated with a low river discharge period from 2012 to 2014 in all estuaries. Based on reaction stoichiometry, sedimentary sulfide oxidation holds significant potential for

Engineered leaky barriers are increasingly used as natural flood management methods providing ecosystem and water quality benefits in addition to flood attenuation, complementing hard engineering flood defences. Field-based monitoring of a natural flood management site, Wilde Brook in the Corvedale catchment, England (UK) studied the rainfall-runoff relationship for a 5.36 km reach with 105 leaky barriers

Accurate terrestrial evapotranspiration (ET) estimation over complex surfaces with spatial heterogeneity is crucial for local, regional, and global applications. Currently, a variety of global ET products with different spatiotemporal resolutions have been developed and evaluated. However, little is known about their performance in capturing the heterogeneity of ET over complex surfaces. Focusing on

Quantifying the role of human activities in the process of drought propagation from meteorological drought to hydrological drought is helpful in developing mitigation strategies and in prediction of hydrological drought. To quantify the role of human activities, we compared the results from using simulated natural and observed streamflow to calculate drought indices and drought propagation time. In

Quantifying the contributions from climate change and human activities on the water volume change of Lake Qinghai has practical significance for water resources management and adaptation to climate change in the high-altitude regions. In this paper, we explored the water volume change of Lake Qinghai, the climate change and land use change in the Lake Qinghai basin, and distinguished the contribution

The study of flood dynamics is generally complicated because it requires a lot of expensive sensors that might be inoperative when submerged during a flood event. Physical models can be helpful in order to get extra information on flood dynamics, but they are expensive in material, space occupation, and human investment (intervention, maintenance, assistance). The objective of this work is a feasibility

Accurate, reliable, and stable streamflow forecasts are essential for risk assessment and decision making in water resources management. Owing to the limited value of deterministic forecasting, probabilistic forecasting incorporating probability and confidence intervals is achieved by optimizing the predictors and forecast equation while identifying forecast error features. The combination of deterministic

Numerical simulation of unsaturated soil hydrology relies on calibrated soil hydraulic parameters, which are subject to uncertainty due to imperfect information during the inverse modelling. This study investigates the effectiveness of reducing parameter uncertainty using the recently developed Rosetta 3 pedotransfer function. The GLUE method was employed for numerical modeling using the Darcy-Richards

Reliable hydrodynamic modeling of rainfall-runoff processes in basins requires simulations with high resolution (or locally refined) meshes, which leads to a great increase in the computational costs in traditional GPU-accelerated (GPU: Graphics Processing Unit) hydrodynamic models. Here a GPU-accelerated and LTS-based (LTS: local time step) finite volume shallow water model is extended for rainfall-runoff

This paper provides an overview of the progress made in remote sensing of water resources in Africa, focusing on various applications such as precipitation estimation, land surface temperature analysis, soil moisture assessment, surface water extent measurement, surface runoff and streamflow analysis, water quality evaluation, land cover/land use mapping, and groundwater analysis. Specifically, the

There is a scarcity of streamflow data owing to the limited availability of gauge networks or delayed gauging in most parts of the world. To overcome this challenge and reproduce long-duration daily streamflow in both ungauged and poorly gauged watersheds, we proposed a novel approach that couples the process-based model Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and the interpretable machine learning (ML)

The rainfall product derived from the SM2RAIN (Soil Moisture to Rain) algorithm has been widely used. However, there is still a large uncertainty partly due to the soil moisture input and parameters estimation of the SM2RAIN algorithm, which limits the application of the model in alpine regions. Here, the SM2RAIN-BayesOpt algorithm was developed by integrating the SM2RAIN algorithm and Bayesian optimization

Climate change impact studies commonly use impact models (such as hydrological or crop models) forced with corrected climate input data from global climate models (GCMs). A range of downscaling and bias correction methods have been developed to increase the spatial resolution and remove systematic biases in climate model outputs to be applied before use in impact models. Many studies have focused on

A streamflow time series encompasses a large amount of hidden information and reliable prediction of its behavior in the future remains a challenge. It seems that the use of information measures can significantly contribute to determining the time horizon of rivers and improving predictability. Using the Kolmogorov complexity (KC) and its derivatives (KC spectrum and its highest value), and Lyapunov

Wetland evapotranspiration (ET), which involves the land-atmosphere exchange of energy and water, is dynamic and affects the spatiotemporal distribution of water resources. However, due to the variability and complexity of wetlands, accurate estimation of patch-scale ET and its spatial variability remain insufficiently characterized. To overcome this challenge, an advanced unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)

Grade control structures (GCSs) are common river training structures constructed to prevent riverbed degradation. Existing scour predictors for GCSs are based on flume experiments with either no sediment supply or equilibrium sediment transport conditions, the quantitative impacts of sediment supply on the scour at submerged GCSs are still unclear. The present study reports a series of flume experiments

The procedure for the determination of Synthetic Design Hydrographs (SDHs), proposed in previous works, is validated by comparing the peak discharges obtained by routing a long series of historical floods and the synthetic floods at different stations along a complex river system. At this aim, the 60 km long terminal stretch of the Dora Baltea river (Northern Italy) has been modelled according to fully

Returning flows of water from the economy to the environment, particularly wastewaters, are highly important contributors to the quality of freshwater resources and the health of aquatic ecosystems. While the total loads of various harmful substances received by wastewater treatment facilities are often measured and reported, the origins of these loads are generally not allocated to specific industries

Freshwater injection is a practical and efficient solution to mitigate seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers, but its thermal impacts on groundwater flow and salt transport are still poorly understood. This study investigates the dynamic characteristics of salinity distributions and seawater recirculation in coastal unconfined aquifers subjected to freshwater injection and tides. The results show

Short-duration heavy rainfall causes severe urban flooding, threatening urban security and socio-economic development. The lower reaches of the Yangtze River are one of the regions with the highest frequency of short-duration heavy rainfalls in China. In this study, hourly stable isotope compositions in water vapor (δ18Ov and d-excessv) are analyzed for nine short-duration heavy rainfall events during

Partially-distributed submerged canopy flows (PSCFs), characterized by the presence of multiple mixing interfaces, are a common feature in riverine and wetland systems. These flows are subject to shear-induced instabilities at the mixing interfaces, which tend to generate multi-dimensional large-scale vortices (LSVs). Yan et al. (2022a) have highlighted the presence of both expected canopy shear layers

Reliable flood forecasting systems are essential for predicting and mitigating the impact of flooding worldwide. However, minimising flood forecast uncertainties remains a challenging task due to many sources of uncertainty in underlying flood simulation modelling. Such uncertainties can be reduced by employing data assimilation techniques to dynamically incorporate the most recent available observations

Deltaic channels, as the essential part in system of river deltas where river and ocean connect, are influenced profoundly on its deposition and erosion processes, by changes of riverine sediment due to human activities from catchment to mouth of large rivers and sea-level rise worldwide. Here, based on a series of hydrological, sedimentary and morphological records in the main outer channel South

Although the fluid invasion process impacts the transport and dispersion of chemicals and contaminants in the resident phase of natural, manufactured, and biological unsaturated porous media, these effects remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigate the role of hydrodynamic dispersion in different invasion patterns within the resident phase. While nonidealities in pore structures contribute

The Faidherbia tree (Faidherbia albida) is frequently used as an intercrop in Sahelian agroforestry parklands due to its multi-purpose advantages and reverse phenology. However, its effect upon the water balance remains unclear, due to the challenges in directly measuring water fluxes in the underlying vadose zone. Mechanistic hydrological models can be inversely calibrated on transient observations

Low-permeability aquitards are important sedimentary units that protect the underlying confined aquifers from contamination by seawater and anthropogenic sources in coastal leaky aquifer systems. Therefore, the integrity of the aquitard is of crucial importance. However, the aquitard integrity may be vulnerable to horizontal heterogeneities in the form of aquitard windows. In this study, an innovative