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Evidence for and Against Temperate Ice in Antarctic Shear Margins From Radar-Depth Sounding Data Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-04 P. T. Summers, D. M. Schroeder, D. F. May, J. Suckale
The majority of ice mass loss from Antarctica flows through narrow, fast sliding regions of ice. The lateral boundaries of these regions, termed shear margins, are characterized by lateral shear strains in excess of ∼10−3 yr−1. Shear heating within these margins could warm ice significantly–even to the melting point–but other processes such as lateral advection of cold ice and fabric development compete
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Isotopic Evidence for Degradation of Particulate Black Carbon in the Ocean Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-04 Siddhartha Sarkar, Abdur Rahman, Mohammad Atif Khan, Ajayeta Rathi, P. Ragavan, Arvind Singh, Sanjeev Kumar
Black carbon (BC) has emerged as an integral part of the global carbon (C) cycle, constituting 12% ± 5% of the organic C pool in rivers and soils, with the potential to generate negative climate feedback. However, its ability to sequester C depends on the recalcitrant nature of BC in the environment, which is under debate. Using CTO-375 method and by measuring concentrations and isotopic compositions
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Understanding the Cascade: Removing GCM Biases Improves Dynamically Downscaled Climate Projections Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-04 Stefan Rahimi, Lei Huang, Jesse Norris, Alex Hall, Naomi Goldenson, Mark Risser, Daniel R. Feldman, Zachary J. Lebo, Eli Dennis, Chad Thackeray
Polarization surrounding bias correction (BC) in creating climate projections arises from its lack of physicality. Here, we perform and analyze 18 dynamical downscaling simulations (with and without BC) to better understand the physical impacts of BC, applied before downscaling, on regional climate output across the western United States. Without BC, downscaled precipitation is systematically and unrealistically
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On the Divergent Evolution of ENSO After the Coastal El Niños in 2017 and 2023 Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-04 Wei Tan, Zeng-Zhen Hu, Michael J. McPhaden, Congwen Zhu, Xiaofan Li, Yunyun Liu
Coastal El Niño is an extreme situation of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) with sea surface temperature warming confined in the far-eastern equatorial Pacific. Some coastal El Niños evolve into a basin scale El Niño, and some don't, implying a diversity in ENSO evolutions after a coastal El Niño event. In this study, the coastal El Niños in 2017 and 2023 are selected to examine their subsequent
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BARREL Observations of Microburst Events With a Slowly-Varying Component Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-04 Kelly Cantwell, Robyn Millan
Electron microburst precipitation has been shown to have significant potential for depletion of the outer radiation belt. We present observations from the Balloon Array for Radiation belt Relativistic Electron Losses (BARREL) of six (five unique and one dual-balloon observation) microburst events, each containing minutes to hours of persistent microbursts. We find that each event included a slowly-varying
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Io's Long-Wavelength Topography as a Probe for a Subsurface Magma Ocean Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-04 S. Gyalay, F. Nimmo
We investigated how spatial variations in tidal heating affect Io's isostatic topography at long wavelengths. The long-wavelength relief is less than the 0.3 km uncertainty in Io's global shape. Assuming Airy isostasy, degree-2 topography <0.3 km amplitude is only possible if surface heat flux varies spatially by <19% of the mean value. This is consistent with Io's volcano distribution and is possible
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Electron Precipitation Driven by EMIC Waves: Two Types of Energy Dispersion Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-04 Veronika S. Grach, Anton V. Artemyev, Andrei G. Demekhov, Xiao-Jia Zhang, Jacob Bortnik, Vassilis Angelopoulos
Electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves can very rapidly and effectively scatter relativistic electrons into the atmosphere. EMIC-driven precipitation bursts can be detected by low-altitude spacecraft, and analysis of the fine structure of such bursts may reveal unique information about the near-equatorial EMIC source region. In this study, we report, for the first time, observations of EMIC-driven
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Ancient Craton-Wide Mid-Lithosphere Discontinuity Controlled by Pargasite Channels Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-04 Z. J. Sudholz, P. Zhang, C. M. Eakin, G. M. Yaxley, A. L. Jaques, C. Frigo, K. Czarnota
The mechanisms governing a commonly observed seismic velocity drop in the cratonic lithosphere, referred to as the mid-lithospheric discontinuity (MLD), have been widely debated. To identify the composition and seismic structure of MLDs, we have analyzed Sp receiver functions (SRF) and mantle xenocrysts for six regions across Australia. We utilize locations where seismic stations and kimberlite-hosted
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Water Impact on Adsorbed Oil Detachment From Mineral Surfaces by Supercritical CO2: A Molecular Insight Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-03 Yulong Yang, Rui Gao, Wenyuan Sun, Leilei Yang, Jirui Hou
Geochemical reactions are crucial for in situ CO2 mineralization underground associated with CO2-enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) in a hydrocarbon reservoir. However, the presence of formation water and adsorbed oil on rocks generates physical barriers to CO2's access to mineral surfaces, which may yield impedance to CO2 mineral trapping that has yet to be accounted for. In this study, we mimic the
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Stable Isotopic (δ13C) Evidence for Global Microbial Sequestration of Refractory Dissolved Organic Matter Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-03 Christian B. Lewis, Brett D. Walker, Ellen R. M. Druffel
Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the global oceans is an important long-term carbon sink. Connections between molecular size, reactivity, and isotopic characteristics show that DOC exists on a continuum from biologically reactive to recalcitrant. The driving mechanisms behind the creation and persistence of recalcitrant DOC remain unknown. We show mean recalcitrant DOC (isolated via solid-phase extraction;
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The Impact of Vertical Plasma Motion on the Evolution of Predawn Equatorial Plasma Bubbles on the Dayside Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Hyosub Kil, Joseph D. Huba, Larry J. Paxton
This study investigates the impact of vertical ionospheric drift during daytime on the evolution of predawn equatorial plasma bubbles by conducting model simulations using “Sami3 is Another Model of the Ionosphere.” The upward drift of the ionosphere transports bubbles to higher altitudes, where their lifetime is set by the atomic oxygen photoionization rate. While the bubbles generated at predawn
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Increasing Fire Activity in African Tropical Forests Is Associated With Deforestation and Climate Change Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-02 M. C. Wimberly, D. Wanyama, R. Doughty, H. Peiro, S. Crowell
Fires were historically rare in tropical forests of West and Central Africa, where dense vegetation, rapid decomposition, and high moisture limit available fuels. However, increasing heat and drought combined with forest degradation and fragmentation are making these areas more susceptible to wildfires. We evaluated historical patterns of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer active fires in
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Secular Changes in the Occurrence of Subduction During the Archean Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-02 Chun-Tao Liu, Chen-Yang Ye, J. ZhangZhou
Subduction processes play a pivotal role in facilitating material exchange between the crust and mantle, contributing to the growth of continents. However, the onset and evolution of subduction remain hotly debated. Here, we developed a high-dimensional machine learning (ML) model to use multiple compositional data (e.g., Nb/La, Nb, Ti, Nb/U, Pb/Nd, and Nb/Th) to distinguish arc-type from non-arc basalts
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Effect of Nucleation Heterogeneity on Mineral Precipitation in Confined Environments Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-02 Fengchang Yang, Dongshi Guan, Vitalii Starchenko, Ke Yuan, Andrew G. Stack, Bowen Ling
The formation of new mineral phases in confined environments, especially in porous media, is crucial for various geological processes like mineralization and diagenesis. The nucleation and precipitation of minerals are initiated at the microscale through fluid-rock interaction, where dissolution of primary phases leads to supersaturated conditions and nucleation and growth of secondary ones. Previous
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Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation Influence on the Annual Mean Intertropical Convergence Zone Location in the Miocene Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-02 Xiaoqing Liu, Nicholas Herold, Matthew Huber
The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) has an annual mean location north of the equator today. The factors determining this location and the evolution to its modern state are actively debated. Here we investigate how the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) influences the ITCZ during the early-to-middle Miocene. By conducting a sensitivity study with an open Canadian Arctic Archipelago
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Raindrop Deformation in Turbulence Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Hepeng Zheng, Yun Zhang, Haoran Li, Zuhang Wu, Yanqiong Xie, Lifeng Zhang
The physical behavior of a falling raindrop is governed by delicate fluid dynamics and thermodynamics, and oscillates with time. Despite this time-variant nature, past observational and simulation studies have aimed to generalize parameterizations for describing rain microphysics bearing the assumption that raindrops fall at terminal speeds with an equilibrium shape. However, the applicability of this
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Supersaturation and Critical Size of Cloud Condensation Nuclei in Marine Stratus Clouds Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-29 Henrik Svensmark, Martin Bødker Enghoff, Jacob Svensmark, Irina Thaler, Nir J. Shaviv
Observations of marine stratus clouds in clean air off the Californian coast reveal a functional relationship between the number of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and supersaturation. Satellite-derived liquid droplet density estimates the number density of CCN. Combining the estimated supersaturation using Köhler theory, global maps of supersaturation and the critical activation size of CCN are estimated
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Turbulent Dynamics of Buoyant Melt Plumes Adjacent Near-Vertical Glacier Ice Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-30 Jonathan D. Nash, Kaelan Weiss, Meagan E. Wengrove, Noah Osman, Erin C. Pettit, Ken Zhao, Rebecca H. Jackson, Jasmine Nahorniak, Kyle Jensen, Erica Tindal, Eric D. Skyllingstad, Nadia Cohen, David A. Sutherland
At marine-terminating glaciers, both buoyant plumes and local currents energize turbulent exchanges that control ice melt. Because of challenges in making centimeter-scale measurements at glaciers, these dynamics at near-vertical ice-ocean boundaries are poorly constrained. Here we present the first observations from instruments robotically bolted to an underwater ice face, and use these to elucidate
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Accuracy of Ocean CO2 Uptake Estimates at a Risk by a Reduction in the Data Collection Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-30 Yuanxu Dong, Dorothee C. E. Bakker, Peter Landschützer
Observation-based quantification of ocean carbon dioxide (CO2) uptake relies on synthesis data sets such as the Surface Ocean CO2 ATlas (SOCAT). However, the data collection effort has dramatically declined and the number of annual data sets in SOCATv2023 decreased by ∼35% from 2017 to 2021. This decline has led to a 65% increase (from 0.15 to 0.25 Pg C yr−1) in the standard deviation of seven SOCAT-based
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Geodetic Evidence for Cascading Landslide Motion Triggered by Extreme Rain Events at Joshimath, NW Himalaya Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-30 K. M. Sreejith, M. C. M. Jasir, P. S. Sunil, M. S. Rose, Ajish P. Saji, R. Agrawal, M. T. Bushair, K. Vijay Kumar, N. M. Desai
Slope instability due to tectonic, hydrological and anthropogenic activities cause severe landslides in Himalaya. Joshimath, a densely populated Himalayan town witnessed a catastrophic landslide event during December 2022 and January 2023 causing damages to ∼700 buildings. We use Interferometric synthetic aperture radar, Global Positioning System and rainfall measurements to probe the kinematics of
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Strain Partitioning and Fault Kinematics in the Northern Qilian Shan (NE Tibet) Determined From Bayesian Inference of Geodetic Data Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-30 Yingfeng Zhang, Sam Wimpenny, Luca Dal Zilio, Xinjan Shan
Oblique convergence across the northern Qilian Shan is accommodated by sub-parallel strike-slip and thrust faults that ruptured simultaneously in the Mw 8 Gulang earthquake in 1927. We investigate the kinematics of fault loading in the northern Qilian Shan and provide insights into the conditions necessary for generating multi-fault earthquakes. We perform Bayesian inversions for the geometry and creep
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Australian Rainfall Increases During Multi-Year La Niña Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-29 Ashley T. Huang, Zoe E. Gillett, Andréa S. Taschetto
Australia is one of the regions strongly affected by the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The recent 2020–2023 La Niña event was marked by record-breaking rainfall and flooding across eastern Australia. The continuous wet conditions during the triple La Niña motivated us to explore the impacts of single-year and multi-year ENSO events on Australian rainfall using observational data sets. We find
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Melting Behavior of B1 FeO Up To 186 GPa: Existence of FeO-Rich Melts in the Lowermost Mantle Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-29 Suyu Fu, Kei Hirose
FeO is an important component in both mantle silicates and core iron alloys. Understanding its melting behavior and physical properties is crucial for exploring the chemistry and physics of our planet. Here we report the melting curve of FeO up to 186 GPa from laser-heating experiments in a diamond-anvil cell coupled with synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. In-situ observations of both
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Transition Between Mechanical and Geometric Controls in Glacier Crevassing Processes Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-30 Hugo Rousseau, Johan Gaume, Lars Blatny, Martin P. Lüthi
Herein, fast fracture initiation in glacier ice is modeled using a Material Point Method and a simplified constitutive law describing tensile strain softening. Relying on a simple configuration where ice flows over a vertical step, crevasse patterns emerge and are consistent with previous observations reported in the literature. The model’s few parameters allows identification of a single dimensionless
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An Outsized Contribution of Rivers to Carbon Emissions From Interconnected Urban River-Lake Networks Within Plains Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-28 Boyi Liu, Runyu Zhang, Lin Zhu, Jun Wang, Boqiang Qin, Wenqing Shi
Urban aquatic ecosystems in plains are often subject to extensive anthropogenic pollutant inputs and have prolonged times for pollutant degradation, potentially leading to diverse carbon emission patterns. This study explored carbon emission patterns and underlying mechanisms in Ge Lake and its tributaries, located in an urban area within a plain in China. The results revealed that carbon emissions
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Europa's Influence on the Jovian Energetic Electron Environment as Observed by Juno's Micro Advanced Stellar Compass Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-26 M. Herceg, J. L. Jørgensen, T. Denver, P. S. Jørgensen, M. Benn, J. E. P. Connerney, R. Fléron, B. Mauk, S. J. Bolton
The micro Advanced Stellar Compass is an attitude reference for the MAG investigation onboard Juno. The μASC camera head unit images the star field with a CCD that is also sensitive to particles with enough energy to pass through the camera shielding: >15 MeV electrons and >80 MeV protons. This provides the capability to monitor fluxes of high-energy particles in Jupiter’s magnetosphere. A survey of
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Machine Learning Predicts Earthquakes in the Continuum Model of a Rate-And-State Fault With Frictional Heterogeneities Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-27 Reiju Norisugi, Yoshihiro Kaneko, Bertrand Rouet-Leduc
Machine learning (ML) has been used to study the predictability of laboratory earthquakes. However, the question remains whether or not this approach can be applied in a tectonic setting where one may have to rely on sparse earthquake catalogs, and where important timescales vary by orders of magnitude. Here, we apply ML to a synthetic seismicity catalog, generated by continuum models of a rate-and-state
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Repeated and Long-Lasting Fault Activation on Amazonian Mars as Demonstrated by Tectonically Induced Landslides Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-26 S. Z. Woodley, P. Fawdon, M. R. Balme, D. A. Rothery
We identify and analyze a large shortening structure (surface expression of a thrust fault) in western Arabia Terra, Mars, exhibiting recent, repeated, and long-lasting tectonic activity. Where the fault system deforms Marsabit crater rim, four landslides with differing degradation states extend onto the crater floor. We propose these were triggered by episodic re-activation of the thrust system. Using
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Evidence of a Shallow Magma Reservoir Beneath Askja Caldera, Iceland, From Body Wave Tomography Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-26 J. Han, N. Rawlinson, T. Greenfield, R. S. White, B. Brandsdóttir, T. Winder, V. Drouin
In August 2021, Askja caldera switched to reinflation following ∼40 years of continuous deflation that was first measured some 20 years after its last eruption in 1961. Various lines of evidence, including from geodetic modeling, suggest that both the deflation and reinflation events are related to a shallow magma body. To better understand the subsurface plumbing system, we derive P-wave velocity
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Emergent Constraints on Future Projections of Tibetan Plateau Warming in Winter Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-25 Shuzhen Hu, Lu Wang, Xiaolong Chen, Tianjun Zhou, Pang-Chi Hsu
The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is an area highly sensitive to climate change and is warming faster than the global average. The TP temperature change has a significant impact on the local ecological environment and the downstream weather and climate. The TP will undoubtedly warm in the future, but the warming extent is uncertain. Using the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 6 multi-model ensemble
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Storm-Driven pCO2 Feedback Weakens the Response of Air-Sea CO2 Fluxes in the Sub-Antarctic Southern Ocean Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-25 Tesha Toolsee, Sarah-Anne Nicholson, Pedro M. S. Monteiro
The sub-seasonal CO2 flux (FCO2) variability across the Southern Ocean is poorly understood due to sparse observations at the required temporal and spatial scales. Twinned surface and profiling gliders experiments were used to investigate how storms influence FCO2 through the air-sea gradient in partial pressure of CO2 (ΔpCO2) in the sub-Antarctic zone. Winter-spring storms caused ΔpCO2 to weaken (by
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Brown Carbon From Biomass Burning Reinforces the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau Warming Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-26 Chong-Shu Zhu, Yao Qu, Hong Huang, Ju-Lian Shi, Wen-Ting Dai, Ning-Ning Zhang, Nan Wang, Lu-Yao Wang, Sha-Sha Ji, Jun-Ji Cao
The Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau (the HTP), referred to as “the third pole” with an excessive warming rate, exerts strong impacts on the global environment. As one of warming contributors, atmospheric brown carbon (BrC) remains limited scientific understanding in the HTP due to a scarcity of observations. In this study, we present a study of the light-absorbing properties of methanol-soluble brown
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Wind-Driven Seasonal Variability of Deep-Water Overflow From the Pacific Ocean to the South China Sea Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-26 Lei Chen, Jiayan Yang, Lixin Wu, Xiaopei Lin
The South China Sea (SCS) is a semi-enclosed marginal sea linked to the broader oceans via various geographically constrained channels. Beneath the main thermocline depth, Luzon Strait is the only conduit for water-mass exchanges. Observations indicate a substantial seasonal variability in the inflow transport of deep water from the Pacific Ocean. This study aims to identify and examine key drivers
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Larger Dust Cooling Effect Estimated From Regionally Dependent Refractive Indices Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-26 Hao Wang, Xiaohong Liu, Chenglai Wu, Guangxing Lin, Tie Dai, Daisuke Goto, Qing Bao, Toshihiko Takemura, Guangyu Shi
The dust direct radiative effect (DRE) depends strongly on the dust particle size distribution (PSD) and complex refractive index (CRI). Although recent studies constrained the dust PSD in the models, its CRI uncertainties are still large. As a result, whether dust warms or cools the climate system remains unclear. Here, we estimate the dust DRE by employing the regionally-dependent dust CRI based
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Distribution and Abundance of Solar Wind-Derived Water in Chang'E-5 Core Samples and Its Implications Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-25 Heng-Ci Tian, Jialong Hao, Yangting Lin, Yuchen Xu, Ziliang Jin, Chi Zhang, Wei Yang, Sen Hu, Ruiying Li, Zongyu Yue, Qiuli Li, Yong Wei, Xianhua Li, Fuyuan Wu
Knowledge regarding the abundance and distribution of solar wind (SW)-sourced water (OH/H2O) on the Moon in the shallow subsurface remains limited. Here, we report the NanoSIMS measurements of H abundances and D/H ratios on soil grains from three deepest sections of the Chang'E-5 drill core sampled at depths of 0.45–0.8 m. High water contents of 0.13–1.3 wt.% are present on approximately half of the
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Fast Seismic Anomalies Under Continents Explained by the Delaminated Lower Continental Crust—Implications From High Pressure-Temperature Elasticity of Jadeite Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-26 Ming Hao, Wen-Yi Zhou, Przemyslaw Dera, Brandon Schmandt, Dongzhou Zhang, Jin S. Zhang
Seismic tomography has shown that the shear wave velocities (Vs) under continents, especially under cratons, are extremely fast at 100–200 km depth, which is difficult to explain by low temperatures or high Mg#. Alternatively, delaminated eclogitic lower continental crust has been proposed to account for these fast seismic anomalies. However, the thermoelastic properties of jadeite which constitutes
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Issue Information Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-26
No abstract is available for this article.
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Sub-MeV Electron Precipitation Driven by EMIC Waves Through Nonlinear Fractional Resonances Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-23 M. Hanzelka, W. Li, M. Qin, L. Capannolo, X. Shen, Q. Ma, L. Gan, V. Angelopoulos
Electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves in the Earth's outer radiation belt drive rapid electron losses through wave-particle interactions. The precipitating electron flux can be high in the hundreds of keV energy range, well below the typical minimum resonance energy. One of the proposed explanations relies on nonresonant scattering, which causes pitch-angle diffusion away from the fundamental cyclotron
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Using Satellite and ARM Observations to Evaluate Cold Air Outbreak Cloud Transitions in E3SM Global Storm-Resolving Simulations Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-20 X. Zheng, Y. Zhang, S. A. Klein, M. Zhang, Z. Zhang, M. Deng, J. Tian, C. R. Terai, B. Geerts, P. Caldwell, P. A. Bogenschutz
This study examines marine boundary layer cloud regime transition during a cold air outbreak (CAO) over the Norwegian Sea, simulated by a global storm-resolving model (GSRM) known as the Simple Cloud-Resolving Energy Exascale Earth System Model Atmosphere Model (SCREAM). By selecting observational references based on a combination of large-scale conditions rather than strict time-matched comparisons
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Drying Over Eastern China Driven by the Depletion of Arctic Stratospheric Ozone During Boreal Spring Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-24 Dingzhu Hu, Zhuohua Zhang, Zhaoyong Guan
Given the significant importance of spring precipitation for agricultural production in China and the presence of the spring predictability barrier, scientists have dedicated extensive efforts to understand the factors influencing spring precipitation variability and explore new predictors. However, the effects of Arctic stratospheric ozone (ASO) on precipitation in China during boreal spring, if any
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Trends and Interannual Variability of the Hydroxyl Radical in the Remote Tropics During Boreal Autumn Inferred From Satellite Proxy Data Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-20 Daniel C. Anderson, Bryan N. Duncan, Junhua Liu, Julie M. Nicely, Sarah A. Strode, Melanie B. Follette-Cook, Amir H. Souri, Jerry R. Ziemke, Gonzalo González-Abad, Zolal Ayazpour
Despite its importance for the global oxidative capacity, spatially resolved trends and variability of the hydroxyl radical (OH) are poorly constrained. We demonstrate the utility of a tropospheric column OH (TCOH) product, created from machine learning and satellite proxy data, in determining the spatial variability in trends of tropical OH over the oceans during September through November. While
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Deglacial Carbon Escape From the Northern Rim of the Southern Ocean Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-20 N. E. Umling, E. Sikes, P. Rafter, N. F. Goodkin, J. R. Southon
The Southern Ocean regulates atmospheric CO2 and Earth's climate as a critical region for air-sea gas exchange, delicately poised between being a CO2 source and sink. Here, we estimate how long a water mass has remained isolated from the atmosphere and utilize 14C/12C ratios (Δ14C) to trace the pathway and escape route of carbon sequestered in the deep ocean through the mixed layer to the atmosphere
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The Potential of Stratospheric Aerosol Injection to Reduce the Climatic Risks of Explosive Volcanic Eruptions Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 I. Quaglia, D. Visioni, E. M. Bednarz, D. G. MacMartin, B. Kravitz
Sulfur-rich volcanic eruptions happen sporadically. If Stratospheric Aerosol Injection (SAI) were to be deployed, it is likely that explosive volcanic eruptions would happen during such a deployment. Here we use an ensemble of Earth System Model simulations to show how changing the injection strategy post-eruption could be used to reduce the climate risks of a large volcanic eruption; the risks are
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Three-Dimensional Teleseismic Elastic Reverse-Time Migration With Deconvolution Imaging Condition and Its Application to Southwest Japan Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-24 Peng Zou, Jiubing Cheng, Tengfei Wang, Haijiang Zhang
We have developed a novel deconvolution-based reverse time migration method to image lithospheric structures using teleseismic data recorded by dense seismic arrays. Unlike traditional approaches that rely on the retrieval of Green's functions (or receiver functions), the new method directly utilizes the recorded three-component (3-C) seismic waveforms to reconstruct subsurface wavefields, which has
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Global Analysis of Topographic and Climatic Controls on Drainage Basin Shapes Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-20 Minhui Li, Hansjörg Seybold, Baosheng Wu, Yi Chen, Xudong Fu, James W. Kirchner
Drainage basins are fundamental units of Earth's surface, describing how flows accumulate across landscapes. They are direct expressions of how tectonics and climatic forces alter Earth's surface morphology. Here, we measure the width-to-length ratios (WLRs) of 386,931 drainage basins (average area ∼157 km2), covering all continents except Antarctica and Greenland. Global variations in WLRs are correlated
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Effects of a Vertical Cloud Condensation Nuclei Concentration Explosion in an Idealized Hailstorm Simulation Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-23 Rongjun Ma, Xiaofei Li
Determination of the key vertical level for cloud condensation nuclei concentration (CCNC) explosions has been a long-term issue in CCN-cloud interaction studies. An idealized hailstorm is simulated with 37 sensitivity runs, including an initial CCNC grouping vertically from the ground to the cloud top, increasing from 100 to 3,000 mg−1. The results reveal a key zone from 750 to 800 hPa near the median
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The Multi-Scale Response of the Eddy Kinetic Energy and Transport to Strengthened Westerlies in an Idealized Antarctic Circumpolar Current Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-20 Ran Liu, Guihua Wang, Dhruv Balwada
The Southern Ocean's eddy response to changing climate remains unclear, with observations suggesting non-monotonic changes in eddy kinetic energy (EKE) across scales. Here simulations reappear that smaller-mesoscale EKE is suppressed while larger-mesoscale EKE increases with strengthened winds. This change was linked to scale-wise changes in the kinetic energy cycle, where a sensitive balance between
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Atlantic Warming Enhances the Influence of Atlantic Niño on ENSO Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-20 Ran Wang, Jiaying He, Jing-Jia Luo, Lin Chen
The influence of Atlantic Niño on the following El Niño–Southern Oscillation becomes significant since mid-1970s. However, exact mechanisms for this inter-decadal change are still unclear. Here, we perform a set of model pacemaker experiments to probe the relative contributions of the changes in the Atlantic Niño itself and the mean-state under global warming. The results suggest that the warmer background
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Polar Vortex Disruptions by High Latitude Ocean Warming Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-24 Mostafa E. Hamouda, Alice Portal, Claudia Pasquero
Mid-latitude extreme cold outbreaks are associated with disruptions of the polar vortex, which often happen abruptly in connection to a sudden stratospheric warming. Understanding global warming (particularly Arctic amplification) impacts on forecasting such events is challenging for the scientific community. Here we apply clustering analysis on the Northern Annular Mode to identify surface precursors
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Soil Moisture Profiles of Ecosystem Water Use Revealed With ECOSTRESS Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Andrew F. Feldman, Randal D. Koster, Kerry Cawse-Nicholson, Wade T. Crow, Thomas R. H. Holmes, Benjamin Poulter
While remote sensing has provided extensive insights into the global terrestrial water, carbon, and energy cycles, space-based retrievals remain limited in observing the belowground influence of the full soil moisture (SM) profile on ecosystem function. We show that this gap can be addressed when coupling 70 m resolution ECOsystem Spaceborne Thermal Radiometer Experiment on Space Station retrievals
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Future Slower Reduction of Anthropogenic Aerosols Enhances Extratropical Ocean Surface Warming Trends Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-23 Pingting Gu, Bolan Gan, Wenju Cai, Hai Wang, Lixin Wu
Global surface temperature short-term trends fluctuate between cooling and fast-warming under the combined action of external forcing and internal variability, significantly influencing the detectability of near-term climate change. A key driver of these variations is anthropogenic aerosols (AAs), which have undergone a non-monotonic evolution with rapid reduction in recent decades. However, their
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Link Between Geometrical and Physical Property Changes Along Nankai Trough With Slow Earthquake Activity Revealed by Dense Reflection Survey Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-20 Paul Caesar M. Flores, Shuichi Kodaira, Gaku Kimura, Kazuya Shiraishi, Yasuyuki Nakamura, Gou Fujie, Tetsuo No, Yuka Kaiho
We examined the possible factors affecting the spatial distribution of very low frequency earthquakes and tremors in the shallow megathrust of Nankai Trough (<30 km) using a dense network of prestack depth migrated profiles at the frontal wedge. Geometrical parameters examined were decollement roughness, taper angle, and underthrust thickness. Physical properties such as effective basal friction (μb)
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Antecedent Conditions Mitigate Carbon Loss During Flash Drought Events Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-24 Nicholas Parazoo, Mahmoud Osman, Madeleine Pascolini-Campbell, Brendan Byrne
Flash droughts– the rapid drying of land and intensification of drought conditions—have devasting impacts to natural resources, food supplies, and the economy. Less is currently known about the drivers of flash droughts and their impact on landscape carbon losses. We leverage carbon and water cycle data from NASA OCO-2 and Soil Moisture Active and Passive missions to quantify flash drought impacts
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The Irminger Gyre as a Key Driver of the Subpolar North Atlantic Overturning Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 A. Sanchez-Franks, N. P. Holliday, D. G. Evans, N. Fried, O. Tooth, L. Chafik, Y. Fu, F. Li, M. F. de Jong, H. L. Johnson
The lower limb of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) is the equatorward flow of dense waters formed through the cooling and freshening of the poleward-flowing upper limb. In the subpolar North Atlantic (SPNA), upper limb variability is primarily set by the North Atlantic Current, whereas lower limb variability is less well understood. Using observations from a SPNA mooring array
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First PWV Retrieval Using MERSI-LL Onboard FY-3E and Cross Validation With Co-Platform Occultation and Ground GNSS Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-20 Nan Jiang, Yuhao Wu, Song Li, Yan Xu, Yubo Wang, Tianhe Xu
FY-3E plays a vital role in the meteorological global earth observing system. Precipitable water vapor (PWV) is an essential parameter for the water cycle and global climate change. Here, we carry out the PWV retrieval using the MERSI-LL sensor onboard the FY-3E satellite for the first time. The retrieval accuracy under different cloudage conditions is validated by the extra PWV from ground-based GNSS
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Global Analysis of Surface Ocean CO2 Fugacity and Air-Sea Fluxes With Low Latency Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-23 Thi-Tuyet-Trang Chau, Frédéric Chevallier, Marion Gehlen
The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) of CO2 fugacity (fCO2) observations is a key resource supporting annual assessments of CO2 uptake by the ocean and its side effects on the marine ecosystem. SOCAT data are usually released with a lag of up to 1.5 years which hampers timely quantification of recent variations of carbon fluxes between the Earth System components, not only with the ocean. This study
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Regional Responses of Vegetation Productivity to the Two Phases of ENSO Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-20 Mousong Wu, Fei Jiang, Marko Scholze, Deliang Chen, Weimin Ju, Songhan Wang, Thomas Kaminski, Zhengyao Lu, Michael Vossbeck, Minjie Zheng
The two phases of El-Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) influence both regional and global terrestrial vegetation productivity on inter-annual scales. However, the major drivers for the regional vegetation productivity and their controlling strengths during different phases of ENSO remain unclear. We herein disentangled the impacts of two phases of ENSO on regional carbon cycle using multiple data sets
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Rapid Acceleration of Arctic Near-Surface Wind Speed in a Warming Climate Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-23 Wanlei Liu, Song Yang, Deliang Chen, Jinlin Zha, Gangfeng Zhang, Zhengtai Zhang, Tuantuan Zhang, Lianlian Xu, Xiaoming Hu, Kaiqiang Deng
Arctic near-surface wind speed (NWS) plays an increasingly crucial role in influencing the local air-sea interactions and the safety of trans-Arctic shipping, but its potential changes in a warming climate and underlying causes remain unclear. Using reanalysis and model simulation data sets, we reveal that the Arctic NWS has increased remarkably since the 1960s, with the strongest increase in the Arctic
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Brittle-Ductile Rheological Behavior in Subduction Zones: Effects of Strength Ratio Between Strong and Weak Phases in a Bi-Phase System Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-24 A. Maitre, F. Gueydan, C. Thieulot, E. Oliot
The brittle-ductile rheological behavior in subduction zones is commonly proposed to explain deep transient slips. Generally observed at large scales in tectonic “mélanges”, here we show that it is also observed at the grain scale in exhumed blueschist metagabbros. In these rocks, petrologic and microstructural observations show a bi-phase material constituted by strong microfractured magmatic pyroxene
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Statistical Analysis of Whistler Precursors Upstream of Foreshock Transient Shocks: MMS Observations Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-23 Mengmeng Wang, Terry Z. Liu, Hui Zhang, Kaijun Liu, Quanqi Shi, Ruilong Guo, Anmin Tian, Weijie Sun, Xiao-Chen Shen, Siyuan Wu, Alexander W. Degeling, Yan Wang, Shi-Chen Bai, Zhonghua Yao, Wenya Li, Shuai Zhang, Timo Pitkänen, Shutao Yao, Ji Liu, Kun Cheng, Xiao Ma, Yuqi Liu
Using the high-time-resolution data from the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission, precursor waves upstream of foreshock transient (FT) shocks are statistically investigated using the four-spacecraft timing method. The wave frequencies and wave vectors determined in the plasma rest frame (PRF) are shown to follow the cold plasma dispersion relation for whistler waves. Combining with the feature of the