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In This Issue Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-23
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 17, April 2024.
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Ecosystem characteristics of land covers with various anthropogenic impacts in a tropical forest region of Southeast Asia Earth Syst. Sci. Data (IF 11.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-23 Chansopheaktra Sovann, Torbern Tagesson, Patrik Vestin, Sakada Sakhoeun, Soben Kim, Sothea Kok, Stefan Olin
Abstract. Given the severe anthropogenic pressure on tropical forests and the high demand for field observations of ecosystem characteristics, it is crucial to collect such data both in pristine tropical forests and in the converted deforested land cover classes. To gain insight into the ecosystem characteristics of pristine tropical forests, regrowth forests, and cashew plantations, we established
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Identification of the potassium-binding site in serotonin transporter Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-23 Eva Hellsberg, Danila Boytsov, Qingyang Chen, Marco Niello, Michael Freissmuth, Gary Rudnick, Yuan-Wei Zhang, Walter Sandtner, Lucy R. Forrest
Clearance of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) from the synaptic cleft after neuronal signaling is mediated by serotonin transporter (SERT), which couples this process to the movement of a Na + ion down its chemical gradient. After release of 5-HT and Na + into the cytoplasm, the transporter faces a rate-limiting challenge of resetting its conformation to be primed again for 5-HT and Na + binding
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The political fallout of air pollution Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-23 Luna Bellani, Stefano Ceolotto, Benjamin Elsner, Nico Pestel
This paper studies the effect of air pollution on voting outcomes. We use data from 60 federal and state elections in Germany from 2000 to 2018 and exploit plausibly exogenous fluctuations in ambient air pollution within counties across election dates. Higher air pollution on election day shifts votes away from incumbent parties and toward opposition parties. An increase in the concentration of particulate
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c-di-AMP determines the hierarchical organization of bacterial RCK proteins Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-23 Rita Rocha, João M. P. Jorge, Celso M. Teixeira-Duarte, Inês R. Figueiredo-Costa, Tatiana B. Cereija, Paula F. Ferreira-Teixeira, Christina Herzberg, Jörg Stülke, João H. Morais-Cabral
In bacteria, intracellular K + is involved in the regulation of membrane potential, cytosolic pH, and cell turgor as well as in spore germination, environmental adaptation, cell-to-cell communication in biofilms, antibiotic sensitivity, and infectivity. The second messenger cyclic-di-AMP (c-di-AMP) has a central role in modulating the intracellular K + concentration in many bacterial species, controlling
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Low-latency gravitational wave alert products and their performance at the time of the fourth LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA observing run Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-23 Sushant Sharma Chaudhary, Andrew Toivonen, Gaurav Waratkar, Geoffrey Mo, Deep Chatterjee, Sarah Antier, Patrick Brockill, Michael W. Coughlin, Reed Essick, Shaon Ghosh, Soichiro Morisaki, Pratyusava Baral, Amanda Baylor, Naresh Adhikari, Patrick Brady, Gareth Cabourn Davies, Tito Dal Canton, Marco Cavaglia, Jolien Creighton, Sunil Choudhary, Yu-Kuang Chu, Patrick Clearwater, Luke Davis, Thomas Dent
Multimessenger searches for binary neutron star (BNS) and neutron star-black hole (NSBH) mergers are currently one of the most exciting areas of astronomy. The search for joint electromagnetic and neutrino counterparts to gravitational wave (GW)s has resumed with ALIGO’s, AdVirgo’s and KAGRA’s fourth observing run (O4). To support this effort, public semiautomated data products are sent in near real-time
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Maximum entropy determination of mammalian proteome dynamics Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-23 Alexander J. Dear, Gonzalo A. Garcia, Georg Meisl, Galen A. Collins, Tuomas P. J. Knowles, Alfred L. Goldberg
Full understanding of proteostasis and energy utilization in cells will require knowledge of the fraction of cell proteins being degraded with different half-lives and their rates of synthesis. We therefore developed a method to determine such information that combines mathematical analysis of protein degradation kinetics obtained in pulse–chase experiments with Bayesian data fitting using the maximum
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Plasmid partitioning driven by collective migration of ParA between nucleoid lobes Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-23 Robin Köhler, Seán M. Murray
The ParABS system is crucial for the faithful segregation and inheritance of many bacterial chromosomes and low-copy-number plasmids. However, despite extensive research, the spatiotemporal dynamics of the ATPase ParA and its connection to the dynamics and positioning of the ParB-coated cargo have remained unclear. In this study, we utilize high-throughput imaging, quantitative data analysis, and computational
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Decorin suppresses tumor lymphangiogenesis: A mechanism to curtail cancer progression Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-23 Dipon K. Mondal, Christopher Xie, Gabriel J. Pascal, Simone Buraschi, Renato V. Iozzo
The complex interplay between malignant cells and the cellular and molecular components of the tumor stroma is a key aspect of cancer growth and development. These tumor–host interactions are often affected by soluble bioactive molecules such as proteoglycans. Decorin, an archetypical small leucine-rich proteoglycan primarily expressed by stromal cells, affects cancer growth in its soluble form by
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Organ-delimited gene regulatory networks provide high accuracy in candidate transcription factor selection across diverse processes Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-23 Rajeev Ranjan, Sonali Srijan, Somaiah Balekuttira, Tina Agarwal, Melissa Ramey, Madison Dobbins, Rachel Kuhn, Xiaojin Wang, Karen Hudson, Ying Li, Kranthi Varala
Organ-specific gene expression datasets that include hundreds to thousands of experiments allow the reconstruction of organ-level gene regulatory networks (GRNs). However, creating such datasets is greatly hampered by the requirements of extensive and tedious manual curation. Here, we trained a supervised classification model that can accurately classify the organ-of-origin for a plant transcriptome
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Out-of-equilibrium interactions and collective locomotion of colloidal spheres with squirming of nematoelastic multipoles Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-23 Bohdan Senyuk, Jin-Sheng Wu, Ivan I. Smalyukh
Many living and artificial systems show similar emergent behavior and collective motions on different scales, starting from swarms of bacteria to synthetic active particles, herds of mammals, and crowds of people. What all these systems often have in common is that new collective properties like flocking emerge from interactions between individual self-propelled or driven units. Such systems are naturally
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A mammalian tripartite enhancer cluster controls hypothalamic Pomc expression, food intake, and body weight Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-23 Daniela Rojo, Clara E. Hael, Agustina Soria, Flávio S. J. de Souza, Malcolm J. Low, Lucía F. Franchini, Marcelo Rubinstein
Food intake and energy balance are tightly regulated by a group of hypothalamic arcuate neurons expressing the proopiomelanocortin ( POMC) gene. In mammals, arcuate-specific POMC expression is driven by two cis -acting transcriptional enhancers known as nPE1 and nPE2. Because mutant mice lacking these two enhancers still showed hypothalamic Pomc mRNA, we searched for additional elements contributing
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Thermodynamic crossovers in supercritical fluids Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-23 Xinyang Li, Yuliang Jin
Can liquid-like and gas-like states be distinguished beyond the critical point, where the liquid–gas phase transition no longer exists and conventionally only a single supercritical fluid phase is defined? Recent experiments and simulations report strong evidence of dynamical crossovers above the critical temperature and pressure. Despite using different criteria, many existing theoretical explanations
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Photomolecular effect: Visible light interaction with air–water interface Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-23 Guangxin Lv, Yaodong Tu, James H. Zhang, Gang Chen
Although water is almost transparent to visible light, we demonstrate that the air–water interface interacts strongly with visible light via what we hypothesize as the photomolecular effect. In this effect, transverse-magnetic polarized photons cleave off water clusters from the air–water interface. We use 14 different experiments to demonstrate the existence of this effect and its dependence on the
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The scaffolding protein AKAP12 regulates mRNA localization and translation Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-23 Madeleine R. Smith, Parisa Naeli, Seyed M. Jafarnejad, Guilherme Costa
Regulation of subcellular messenger (m)RNA localization is a fundamental biological mechanism, which adds a spatial dimension to the diverse layers of post-transcriptional control of gene expression. The cellular compartment in which mRNAs are located may define distinct aspects of the encoded proteins, ranging from production rate and complex formation to localized activity. Despite the detailed roles
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Tectonics regulate CO2 release more strongly than chemical weathering in central Italy Nat. Geosci. (IF 18.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-22
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Global patterns in river water storage dependent on residence time Nat. Geosci. (IF 18.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Elyssa L. Collins, Cédric H. David, Ryan Riggs, George H. Allen, Tamlin M. Pavelsky, Peirong Lin, Ming Pan, Dai Yamazaki, Ross K. Meentemeyer, Georgina M. Sanchez
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PML::RARA and GATA2 proteins interact via DNA templates to induce aberrant self-renewal in mouse and human hematopoietic cells Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Casey D. S. Katerndahl, Olivia R. S. Rogers, Ryan B. Day, Ziheng Xu, Nichole M. Helton, Sai Mukund Ramakrishnan, Christopher A. Miller, Timothy J. Ley
The underlying mechanism(s) by which the PML::RARA fusion protein initiates acute promyelocytic leukemia is not yet clear. We defined the genomic binding sites of PML::RARA in primary mouse and human hematopoietic progenitor cells with V5-tagged PML::RARA, using anti-V5-PML::RARA chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing and CUT&RUN approaches. Most genomic PML::RARA binding sites were found in regions
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Mortality and morbidity ramifications of proposed retractions in healthcare coverage for the United States Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Abhishek Pandey, Meagan C. Fitzpatrick, Burton H. Singer, Alison P. Galvani
In the absence of universal healthcare in the United States, federal programs of Medicaid and Medicare are vital to providing healthcare coverage for low-income households and elderly individuals, respectively. However, both programs are under threat, with either enacted or proposed retractions. Specifically, raising Medicare age eligibility and the addition of work requirements for Medicaid qualification
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Observation of negative surface and interface energies of quantum dots Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Jason J. Calvin, Amanda S. Brewer, Michelle F. Crook, Tierni M. Kaufman, A. Paul Alivisatos
Surface energy is a fundamental property of materials and is particularly important in describing nanomaterials where atoms or molecules at the surface constitute a large fraction of the material. Traditionally, surface energy is considered to be a positive quantity, where atoms or molecules at the surface are less thermodynamically stable than their counterparts in the interior of the material because
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Single-molecule tracking reveals dual front door/back door inhibition of Cel7A cellulase by its product cellobiose Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Daguan Nong, Zachary K. Haviland, Nerya Zexer, Sarah A. Pfaff, Daniel J. Cosgrove, Ming Tien, Charles T. Anderson, William O. Hancock
Degrading cellulose is a key step in the processing of lignocellulosic biomass into bioethanol. Cellobiose, the disaccharide product of cellulose degradation, has been shown to inhibit cellulase activity, but the mechanisms underlying product inhibition are not clear. We combined single-molecule imaging and biochemical investigations with the goal of revealing the mechanism by which cellobiose inhibits
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Protein engineering a PhotoRNR chimera based on a unifying evolutionary apparatus among the natural classes of ribonucleotide reductases Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 David Y. Song, JoAnne Stubbe, Daniel G. Nocera
Ribonucleotide reductases (RNRs) are essential enzymes that catalyze the de novo transformation of nucleoside 5′-di(tri)phosphates [ND(T)Ps, where N is A, U, C, or G] to their corresponding deoxynucleotides. Despite the diversity of factors required for function and the low sequence conservation across RNRs, a unifying apparatus consolidating RNR activity is explored. We combine aspects of the protein
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Predicting resilience of migratory birds to environmental change Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Simeon Lisovski, Bethany J. Hoye, Jesse R. Conklin, Phil F. Battley, Richard A. Fuller, Ken B. Gosbell, Marcel Klaassen, Chengfa Benjamin Lee, Nicholas J. Murray, Silke Bauer
The pace and scale of environmental change represent major challenges to many organisms. Animals that move long distances, such as migratory birds, are especially vulnerable to change since they need chains of intact habitat along their migratory routes. Estimating the resilience of such species to environmental changes assists in targeting conservation efforts. We developed a migration modeling framework
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Single-chain fluorescent integrators for mapping G-protein-coupled receptor agonists Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Kayla Kroning, Noam Gannot, Xingyu Li, Aubrey Putansu, Guanwei Zhou, Jennifer Sescil, Jiaqi Shen, Avery Wilson, Hailey Fiel, Peng Li, Wenjing Wang
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) transduce the effects of many neuromodulators including dopamine, serotonin, epinephrine, acetylcholine, and opioids. The localization of synthetic or endogenous GPCR agonists impacts their action on specific neuronal pathways. In this paper, we show a series of single-protein chain integrator sensors that are highly modular and could potentially be used to determine
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Sustainable, low-cost, high-contrast electrochromic displays via host–guest interactions Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Yuyang Wang, Chuxin Lei, Weixin Guan, Wen Shi, Ruipeng Shen, Sean Xiao-An Zhang, Guihua Yu
Electrochromic (EC) displays with electronically regulating the transmittance of solar radiation offer the opportunity to increase the energy efficiency of the building and electronic products and improve the comfort and lifestyle of people. Despite the unique merit and vast application potential of EC technologies, long-awaited EC windows and related visual content displays have not been fully commercialized
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Chaotic neural dynamics facilitate probabilistic computations through sampling Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Yu Terada, Taro Toyoizumi
Cortical neurons exhibit highly variable responses over trials and time. Theoretical works posit that this variability arises potentially from chaotic network dynamics of recurrently connected neurons. Here, we demonstrate that chaotic neural dynamics, formed through synaptic learning, allow networks to perform sensory cue integration in a sampling-based implementation. We show that the emergent chaotic
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Impact of electric vehicle charging demand on power distribution grid congestion Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Yanning Li, Alan Jenn
California, a pioneer in EV adoption, has enacted ambitious electric vehicle (EV) policies that will generate a large burden on the state’s electric distribution system. We investigate the statewide impact of uncontrolled EV charging on the electric distribution networks at a large scale and high granularity, by employing an EV charging profile projection that combines travel demand model, EV adoption
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Massive seasonal high-altitude migrations of nocturnal insects above the agricultural plains of East China Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Jianrong Huang, Hongqiang Feng, V. Alistair Drake, Don R. Reynolds, Boya Gao, Fajun Chen, Guoyan Zhang, Junsheng Zhu, Yuebo Gao, Baoping Zhai, Guoping Li, Caihong Tian, Bo Huang, Gao Hu, Jason W. Chapman
Long-distance migrations of insects contribute to ecosystem functioning but also have important economic impacts when the migrants are pests or provide ecosystem services. We combined radar monitoring, aerial sampling, and searchlight trapping, to quantify the annual pattern of nocturnal insect migration above the densely populated agricultural lands of East China. A total of ~9.3 trillion nocturnal
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Shifting fire regimes cause continent-wide transformation of threatened species habitat Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Tim S. Doherty, Kristina J. Macdonald, Dale G. Nimmo, Julianna L. Santos, William L. Geary
Human actions are causing widespread increases in fire size, frequency, and severity in diverse ecosystems globally. This alteration of fire regimes is considered a threat to numerous animal species, but empirical evidence of how fire regimes are shifting within both threatened species’ ranges and protected areas is scarce, particularly at large spatial and temporal scales. We used a big data approach
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The first peoples of the Atacama Desert lived among the trees: A 11,600- to 11,200-year-old grove and congregation site Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Paula C. Ugalde, Delphine Joly, Claudio Latorre, Eugenia M. Gayo, Rafael Labarca, Mikhaela Simunovic, Virginia McRostie, Vance T. Holliday, Jay Quade, Calogero M. Santoro
In deserts, water has been singled out as the most important factor for choosing where to settle, but trees were likely an important part of the landscape for hunter-gatherers beyond merely constituting an economic resource. Yet, this critical aspect has not been considered archaeologically. Here, we present the results of mapping and radiocarbon dating of a truly unique archaeological record. Over
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Body mass index–dependent shifts along large-scale gradients in human cortical organization explain dietary regulatory success Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Rémi Janet, Jonathan Smallwood, Cendri A. Hutcherson, Hilke Plassmann, Bronte Mckeown, Anita Tusche
Making healthy dietary choices is essential for keeping weight within a normal range. Yet many people struggle with dietary self-control despite good intentions. What distinguishes neural processing in those who succeed or fail to implement healthy eating goals? Does this vary by weight status? To examine these questions, we utilized an analytical framework of gradients that characterize systematic
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Impact of repeated blast exposure on active-duty United States Special Operations Forces Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Natalie Gilmore, Chieh-En J. Tseng, Chiara Maffei, Samantha L. Tromly, Katryna B. Deary, Isabella R. McKinney, Jessica N. Kelemen, Brian C. Healy, Collin G. Hu, Gabriel Ramos-Llordén, Maryam Masood, Ryan J. Cali, Jennifer Guo, Heather G. Belanger, Eveline F. Yao, Timothy Baxter, Bruce Fischl, Andrea S. Foulkes, Jonathan R. Polimeni, Bruce R. Rosen, Daniel P. Perl, Jacob M. Hooker, Nicole R. Zürcher
United States (US) Special Operations Forces (SOF) are frequently exposed to explosive blasts in training and combat, but the effects of repeated blast exposure (RBE) on SOF brain health are incompletely understood. Furthermore, there is no diagnostic test to detect brain injury from RBE. As a result, SOF personnel may experience cognitive, physical, and psychological symptoms for which the cause is
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Sirt2 inhibition improves gut epithelial barrier integrity and protects mice from colitis Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Dan Hou, Tao Yu, Xuan Lu, Jun Young Hong, Min Yang, Yanlin Zi, Thanh Tu Ho, Hening Lin
Sirt2 is a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD + )-dependent protein lysine deacylase that can remove both acetyl group and long-chain fatty acyl groups from lysine residues of many proteins. It was reported to affect inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) symptoms in a mouse model. However, conflicting roles were reported, with genetic knockout aggravating while pharmacological inhibition alleviating
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Individual transcription factors modulate both the micromovement of chromatin and its long-range structure Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Haitham A. Shaban, Elias T. Friman, Cédric Deluz, Armelle Tollenaere, Natalya Katanayeva, David M. Suter
The control of eukaryotic gene expression is intimately connected to highly dynamic chromatin structures. Gene regulation relies on activator and repressor transcription factors (TFs) that induce local chromatin opening and closing. However, it is unclear how nucleus-wide chromatin organization responds dynamically to the activity of specific TFs. Here, we examined how two TFs with opposite effects
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Exacerbated atherosclerosis in progeria is prevented by progerin elimination in vascular smooth muscle cells but not endothelial cells Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Ignacio Benedicto, Rosa M. Carmona, Ana Barettino, Carla Espinós-Estévez, Pilar Gonzalo, Rosa M. Nevado, Miguel de la Fuente-Pérez, María J. Andrés-Manzano, Cristina González-Gómez, Loïc Rolas, Beatriz Dorado, Sussan Nourshargh, Magda R. Hamczyk, Vicente Andrés
Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare disease caused by the expression of progerin, a mutant protein that accelerates aging and precipitates death. Given that atherosclerosis complications are the main cause of death in progeria, here, we investigated whether progerin-induced atherosclerosis is prevented in HGPSrev-Cdh5-CreERT2 and HGPSrev-SM22α-Cre mice with progerin suppression in
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Changes in well-being among socially isolated older people during the COVID-19 pandemic: An outcome-wide analysis Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Claryn S. J. Kung, Andrew Steptoe
Older adults experienced major changes during the COVID-19 pandemic and ensuing restrictions, and it might be expected that those who were already socially isolated before the pandemic were particularly vulnerable. We apply an outcome-wide longitudinal design on 4,636 participants (mean age 66.8 y) from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, observed in 2018/19 and early (June/July 2020) and later
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Evolutionarily conserved neural responses to affective touch in monkeys transcend consciousness and change with age Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Joey A. Charbonneau, Anthony C. Santistevan, Erika P. Raven, Jeffrey L. Bennett, Brian E. Russ, Eliza Bliss-Moreau
Affective touch—a slow, gentle, and pleasant form of touch—activates a different neural network than which is activated during discriminative touch in humans. Affective touch perception is enabled by specialized low-threshold mechanoreceptors in the skin with unmyelinated fibers called C tactile (CT) afferents. These CT afferents are conserved across mammalian species, including macaque monkeys. However
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Mapping seasonal migration in a songbird hybrid zone -- heritability, genetic correlations, and genomic patterns linked to speciation Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Hannah C. Justen, Wendy E. Easton, Kira E. Delmore
Seasonal migration is a widespread behavior relevant for adaptation and speciation, yet knowledge of its genetic basis is limited. We leveraged advances in tracking and sequencing technologies to bridge this gap in a well-characterized hybrid zone between songbirds that differ in migratory behavior. Migration requires the coordinated action of many traits, including orientation, timing, and wing morphology
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Evolution of system connectivity to support food production in the Indus Basin in Pakistan Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Afreen Siddiqi, James L. Wescoat, Noelle E. Selin
Sustainability challenges related to food production arise from multiple nature-society interactions occurring over long time periods. Traditional methods of quantitative analysis do not represent long-term changes in the networks of system components, including institutions and knowledge that affect system behavior. Here, we develop an approach to study system structure and evolution by combining
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Evidence of strong aerosol cooling implies great efficacy of marine cloud brightening Nat. Geosci. (IF 18.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-19
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Deep CO2 release and the carbon budget of the central Apennines modulated by geodynamics Nat. Geosci. (IF 18.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-19 Erica Erlanger, Aaron Bufe, Guillaume Paris, Ilenia D’Angeli, Luca Pisani, Preston Cosslett Kemeny, Jessica Stammeier, Negar Haghipour, Niels Hovius
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Weakening of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation abyssal limb in the North Atlantic Nat. Geosci. (IF 18.3) Pub Date : 2024-04-19 Tiago Carrilho Biló, Renellys C. Perez, Shenfu Dong, William Johns, Torsten Kanzow
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SARAH-3 – satellite-based climate data records of surface solar radiation Earth Syst. Sci. Data (IF 11.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-18 Uwe Pfeifroth, Jaqueline Drücke, Steffen Kothe, Jörg Trentmann, Marc Schröder, Rainer Hollmann
Abstract. The amount of energy reaching the Earth’s surface from the sun is a quantity of high importance for the climate system and for renewable energy applications. SARAH-3 is a new edition of a satellite-based climate data record of surface solar radiation parameters. It is generated and distributed by the European Organisation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) Satellite Application Facility
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Time-modulated near-field radiative heat transfer Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-19 Renwen Yu, Shanhui Fan
Near-field radiative heat transfer has recently attracted increasing interests for its applications in energy technologies, such as thermophotovoltaics. Existing works, however, are restricted to time-independent systems. Here, we explore near-field radiative heat transfer between two bodies under time modulation by developing a rigorous fluctuational electrodynamics formalism. We demonstrate that
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Quantization avoids saddle points in distributed optimization Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-19 Yanan Bo, Yongqiang Wang
Distributed nonconvex optimization underpins key functionalities of numerous distributed systems, ranging from power systems, smart buildings, cooperative robots, vehicle networks to sensor networks. Recently, it has also merged as a promising solution to handle the enormous growth in data and model sizes in deep learning. A fundamental problem in distributed nonconvex optimization is avoiding convergence
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Observation of magnetic amplification using dark spins Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-19 Min Jiang, Ying Huang, Chang Guo, Haowen Su, Yuanhong Wang, Xinhua Peng, Dmitry Budker
Quantum amplification enables the enhancement of weak signals and is of great importance for precision measurements, such as biomedical science and tests of fundamental symmetries. Here, we observe a previously unexplored magnetic amplification using dark noble-gas nuclear spins in the absence of pump light. Such dark spins exhibit remarkable coherence lasting up to 6 min and the resilience against
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Quantum network utility: A framework for benchmarking quantum networks Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-19 Yuan Lee, Wenhan Dai, Don Towsley, Dirk Englund
The central aim of quantum networks is to facilitate user connectivity via quantum channels, but there is an open need for benchmarking metrics to compare diverse quantum networks. Here, we propose a general framework for quantifying the performance of a quantum network by estimating the value created by connecting users through quantum channels. In this framework, we define the quantum network utility
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AI model disgorgement: Methods and choices Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-19 Alessandro Achille, Michael Kearns, Carson Klingenberg, Stefano Soatto
Over the past few years, machine learning models have significantly increased in size and complexity, especially in the area of generative AI such as large language models. These models require massive amounts of data and compute capacity to train, to the extent that concerns over the training data (such as protected or private content) cannot be practically addressed by retraining the model “from
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Developing a predictive science of the biosphere requires the integration of scientific cultures Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-19 Brian J. Enquist, Christopher P. Kempes, Geoffrey B. West
Increasing the speed of scientific progress is urgently needed to address the many challenges associated with the biosphere in the Anthropocene. Consequently, the critical question becomes: How can science most rapidly progress to address large, complex global problems? We suggest that the lag in the development of a more predictive science of the biosphere is not only because the biosphere is so much
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PurA is the main target of aurodox, a type III secretion system inhibitor Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-19 Yoshihiro Watanabe, Takeshi Haneda, Aoi Kimishima, Asaomi Kuwae, Takuya Suga, Takahiro Suzuki, Yoshiharu Iwabuchi, Masako Honsho, Sota Honma, Masato Iwatsuki, Hidehito Matsui, Hideaki Hanaki, Naoki Kanoh, Akio Abe, Yukihiro Asami, Satoshi Ōmura
Anti-microbial resistance (AMR) is one of the greatest threats to global health. The continual battle between the emergence of AMR and the development of drugs will be extremely difficult to stop as long as traditional anti-biotic approaches are taken. In order to overcome this impasse, we here focused on the type III secretion system (T3SS), which is highly conserved in many Gram-negative pathogenic
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Transient social–ecological dynamics reveal signals of decoupling in a highly disturbed Anthropocene landscape Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-19 Qi Lin, Ke Zhang, Charline Giguet-Covex, Fabien Arnaud, Suzanne McGowan, Ludovic Gielly, Eric Capo, Shixin Huang, Gentile Francesco Ficetola, Ji Shen, John A. Dearing, Michael E. Meadows
Understanding the transient dynamics of interlinked social–ecological systems (SES) is imperative for assessing sustainability in the Anthropocene. However, how to identify critical transitions in real-world SES remains a formidable challenge. In this study, we present an evolutionary framework to characterize these dynamics over an extended historical timeline. Our approach leverages multidecadal
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Functional specialization of hippocampal somatostatin-expressing interneurons Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-19 Simon Chamberland, Gariel Grant, Robert Machold, Erica R. Nebet, Guoling Tian, Joshua Stich, Monica Hanani, Klas Kullander, Richard W. Tsien
Hippocampal somatostatin-expressing ( Sst ) GABAergic interneurons (INs) exhibit considerable anatomical and functional heterogeneity. Recent single-cell transcriptome analyses have provided a comprehensive Sst -IN subpopulations census, a plausible molecular ground truth of neuronal identity whose links to specific functionality remain incomplete. Here, we designed an approach to identify and access
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Congruence modules in higher codimension and zeta lines in Galois cohomology Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-19 Srikanth B. Iyengar, Chandrashekhar B. Khare, Jeffrey Manning, Eric Urban
This article builds on recent work of the first three authors where a notion of congruence modules in higher codimension is introduced. The main results are a criterion for detecting regularity of local rings in terms of congruence modules, and a more refined version of a result tracking the change of congruence modules under deformation. Number theoretic applications include the construction of canonical
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Correction for Schlütz et al., Isotopes prove advanced, integral crop production, and stockbreeding strategies nourished Trypillia mega-populations Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-18
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 17, April 2024.
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Dual modifying of MAVS at lysine 7 by SIRT3-catalyzed deacetylation and SIRT5-catalyzed desuccinylation orchestrates antiviral innate immunity Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-18 Xing LiuChunchun ZhuShuke JiaHongyan DengJinhua TangXueyi SunXiaoli ZengXiaoyun ChenZixuan WangWen LiuQian LiaoHuangyuan ZhaXiaolian CaiWuhan XiaoaKey Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, ChinabHubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, ChinacThe Innovation of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 17, April 2024.
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Differences in enantiomeric diffusion can lead to selective chiral amplification Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-18 Jean GilletYves GeertsLaurence RongyYannick De DeckeraNonlinear Physical Chemistry Unit, Faculté des Sciences, CP – 231, Université libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles 1050, BelgiumbLaboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles 1050, BelgiumcInternational Solvay Institutes of Physics and Chemistry, Université libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles 1050, Belgium
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 17, April 2024.
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A generic approach to infer community-level fitness of microbial genes Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-18 Teng WangAndrea WeissLingchong YouaDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705bDepartment of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710cCenter for Quantitative Biodesign, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 17, April 2024.
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Dual function of LapB (YciM) in regulating Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide synthesis Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-18 Sheng ShuYuko TsutsuiRajkanwar NathawatWei MiaDepartment of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520bCancer Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516cDepartment of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 17, April 2024.
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Microglia-derived extracellular vesicles trigger age-related neurodegeneration upon DNA damage Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-18 Ermioni S. ArvanitakiEvi GoulielmakiKaterina GkirtzimanakiGeorge NiotisEdisona TsakaniElectra NenedakiIliana RouskaMary KefalogianniDionysios XydiasIlias KalafatakisSotiris PsilodimitrakopoulosDomna KaragogeosBjörn SchumacherEmmanuel StratakisGeorge A. GarinisaDepartment of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion GR71409, Crete, GreecebInstitute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 17, April 2024.
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WAV E3 ubiquitin ligases mediate degradation of IAA32/34 in the TMK1-mediated auxin signaling pathway during apical hook development Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-18 Jun-Li WangMing WangLi ZhangYou-Xia LiJing-Jing LiYu-Yang LiZuo-Xian PuDan-Yang LiXing-Nan LiuWang GuoDong-Wei DiXiao-Feng LiGuang-Qin GuoLei WuaMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of ChinabGansu Province Key Laboratory of Gene Editing for Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 17, April 2024.