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Validity of Wrist-Worn Activity Tracker Heart Rate Detection in Fontan Patients During Exercise. Med. Sci. Sports Exercise (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-09-19 Alyson R Pierick,Kelly J Burke,Megan Prusi,Bethany Largent,Sunkyung Yu,Ray E Lowery,Ashley Duimstra,Jesse E Hansen
PURPOSE Physical activity and a healthy lifestyle play an essential role in optimizing long-term health in patients with Fontan physiology. Wrist-worn activity trackers may be useful in medically directed exercise programs for patients with Fontan physiology. The objective of this study was to measure the validity of Garmin and Fitbit activity tracker heart rate detection in patients with Fontan circulation
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Effects of Cannabidiol Ingestion on Thermoregulatory and Inflammatory Responses to Treadmill Exercise in the Heat in Recreationally Active Males. Med. Sci. Sports Exercise (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-09-19 Drusus A Johnson,Thomas G Cable,Mark P Funnell,Donald L Peden,Josh Thorley,Mafalda Ferreira de Cunha,Kirsty M Reynolds,Luke Harris,Matt Wood,Tom Chavez-O'Reilly,Joe Carrington,Stephen J Bailey,Tom Clifford,Liam M Heaney,Lewis J James
PURPOSE Exertional heat stress can induce systemic endotoxin exposure and a pro-inflammatory cascade, likely impairing thermoregulation. Cannabidiol (CBD) is protective in pre-clinical models of tissue ischaemia and inflammation. Therefore, this study examined the effects of CBD ingestion on exercise-induced thermoregulatory and inflammatory responses. METHODS In a randomised, double-blinded study
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The Role of Exercise Blood Pressure in Hypertension: Measurement, Mechanisms and Management. Med. Sci. Sports Exercise (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-09-19 Katharine D Currie,Martin G Schultz,Philp J Millar,Linda S Pescatello
Hypertension affects one in three adults globally and is the leading modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. While blood pressure measurements at rest are fundamental to the detection and management of hypertension, abnormal blood pressure responses to exercise, namely an exaggerated exercise blood pressure (EEBP), can provide additional independent information about current and future hypertension
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Evaluating the Impact of Post-Esophagectomy Exercise on 2- and 5-Year Survival: Findings from the PERFECT Trial. Med. Sci. Sports Exercise (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-09-18 David Binyam,J K van Vulpen,R van Hillegersberg,J P Ruurda,G A P Nieuwenhuijzen,E A Kouwenhoven,E van der Wall,R P R Groenendijk,D L van der Peet,C Rosman,B P L Wijnhoven,M I van Berge Henegouwen,H W M van Laarhoven,P D Siersema,Anne M May,A E Hiensch
PURPOSE Despite recent treatment advances, esophageal cancer still has poor survival and a high morbidity. Exploratory evidence suggests that exercise can reduce cancer-related mortality and recurrence rates. Here, we investigated the effects of an exercise intervention in the first year after esophagectomy on survival in participants of the Physical ExeRcise Following Esophageal Cancer Treatment (PERFECT)-trial
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Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Do Not Affect the Bone Metabolic Response to Exercise. Med. Sci. Sports Exercise (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-09-04 Jeffery S Staab,Cara E Sczuroski,Jess A Gwin,Alyssa V Geddis,Julie M Hughes,Brandon M Roberts
PURPOSE Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) are associated with increased stress fracture risk, potentially due to inhibiting the adaptive bone formation responses to exercise. This study investigated if a single, maximal dose of three different NSAIDs alters bone formation biomarker response to strenuous exercise. METHODS In a randomized, counter-balanced order, 12 participants (10 male
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Mitochondrial Influence on Performance Fatigability: Considering Sex Variability. Med. Sci. Sports Exercise (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-09-04 Gaia Giuriato,Chiara Barbi,Fabio Giuseppe Laginestra,Mehran Emadi Andani,Thomas Favaretto,Camilla Martignon,Anna Pedrinolla,Gianluca Vernillo,Tatiana Moro,Martino Franchi,Maria Grazie Romanelli,Federico Schena,Massimo Venturelli
OBJECTIVE Existing literature indicates that females generally demonstrate higher fatigue resistance than males during isometric contractions. However, when it comes to single-limb dynamic exercises, the intricate interplay between performance fatigability (PF), cardiovascular responses, and muscle metabolism in relation to sex differences remains underexplored. PURPOSE This study investigates how
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Off- and On-Bike Resistance Training in Cyclists: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Med. Sci. Sports Exercise (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-09-03 David Barranco-Gil,Alejandro Hernández-Belmonte,Víctor Rodríguez-Rielves,Jon Iriberri,Alejandro Martínez-Cava,Ángel Buendía-Romero,Lidia B Alejo,Francisco Franco-Lopez,Iván R Sanchez-Redondo,Raúl de Pablos,Alejandro Lucia,Pedro L Valenzuela,Jesús G Pallares
PURPOSE This study compared the effects of off- and on-bike resistance training (RT) on endurance cycling performance as well as muscle strength, power and structure. METHODS Well-trained male cyclists were randomly assigned to incorporate two sessions/week of off- (full squats, n = 12) or on-bike (all-out efforts performed against very high resistances and thus at very low cadences, n = 12) RT during
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Electromyography of Sedentary Behavior: Identifying Potential for Cardiometabolic Risk Reduction. Med. Sci. Sports Exercise (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-08-29 Suvi Lamberg,Christian J Brakenridge,David W Dunstan,Taija Finni,Genevieve N Healy,Neville Owen,Arto J Pesola
INTRODUCTION Muscle activation during interruptions to prolonged sedentary time is a hypothesized mechanism underlying observed cardiometabolic benefits. We examined associations of quadriceps and hamstring muscle activity patterns with cardiometabolic risk markers and how these patterns varied between different sitting-interruption countermeasures. METHODS Electromyographic (EMG) data (shorts) were
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The Significance of Body Surface Area to Mass Ratio for Thermal Responses to a Standardized Exercise-Heat Stress Test. Med. Sci. Sports Exercise (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-08-29 Inbal Akavian,Yoram Epstein,Alexandra Rabotin,Shiraz Peretz,Nisha Charkoudian,Itay Ketko
PURPOSE To evaluate the significance of body surface area-to-mass ratio (BSA/mass) on the heat-tolerance test (HTT) results. We hypothesized that individuals defined as heat tolerant (HT) would have on average higher BSA/mass compared to heat intolerant (HI) individuals. METHODS A retrospective reanalysis of the HTT results of 517 soldiers (age: 18-38 yrs., M/F: 96/4%), who were tested by the Israel
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Resolving Differences between MLSS and CP by Considering Rates of Change of Blood Lactate during Endurance Exercise. Med. Sci. Sports Exercise (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-08-26 Ozgur Ozkaya,Hakan As,Arda Peker,Mark Burnley,Andrew M Jones
PURPOSE To develop a new method that more closely represents the heavy-to-severe exercise domain boundary by evaluating the rates of blood lactate accumulation during the constant power output exercise bouts that are employed in the assessment of the maximal lactate steady state (MLSS). METHODS Eight well-trained male cyclists completed five exercise tests of up to 30 min for determination of the traditional
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Determining Individualized Foot Progression Angle for Reduction of Knee Medial Compartment Loading During Stepping. Med. Sci. Sports Exercise (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-08-23 Raziyeh Baghi,Wei Yin,Ahmed Ramadan,Subham Badhyal,Giovanni Oppizzi,Dali Xu,Peter Bowman,Frank Henn,Li-Qun Zhang
PURPOSE Modifying foot progression angle (FPA), the angle between the line from the heel to the second metatarsal head and the line of progression, can reduce peak knee adduction moment (pKAM). However, determining the optimal FPA that minimizes pKAM without inducing unnatural walking patterns can be challenging. This study investigated the FPA-pKAM relationship using a robotic stepping trainer to
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Acute Ketone Monoester Supplementation Does Not Change Exercise Efficiency during Incremental Cycling in Trained Individuals. Med. Sci. Sports Exercise (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-08-23 Jack Bone,Sydney Baumgarten,Devin G McCarthy,William Bostad,Douglas L Richards,Martin J Gibala
METHODS 28 adults (16 males and 12 females) aged 30 ± 10 y [peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak): 59 ± 11 ml·kg-1·min-1] completed three experimental trials in a randomized, crossover, and double-blinded manner. Participants ingested either 0.3 (KE-LO) or 0.6 (KE-HI) g·kg-1 body mass of KE or a flavour-matched placebo (PLAC) ~30 min prior to exercise. Exercise involved a 3-minute warm-up, three 5-minute stages
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Comparison of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test Variables to Predict Adverse Events in Patients with Heart Failure. Med. Sci. Sports Exercise (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-08-23 Sophie H Kroesen,Johan A Snoek,Roland R J van Kimmenade,Jeroen Molinger,Claudio G Araújo,Maria T E Hopman,Thijs M H Eijsvogels,Esmée A Bakker
PURPOSE Given the rising burden of heart failure (HF), stratification of patients at increased risk for adverse events is critical. We aim to compare the predictive value of various maximal and submaximal cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) variables for adverse events in patients with HF. METHODS 237 patients with HF (66 [58-73] years, 30% women, 70% HF with reduced ejection fraction) completed a
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Consuming Whey Protein with Added Essential Amino Acids, not Carbohydrate, Maintains Post-Exercise Anabolism while Underfed. Med. Sci. Sports Exercise (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-08-23 Jess A Gwin,David D Church,Jillian T Allen,Marques A Wilson,Christopher T Carrigan,Nancy E Murphy,Alyssa N Varanoske,Lee M Margolis,Robert R Wolfe,Arny A Ferrando,Stefan M Pasiakos
PURPOSE Energy deficiency decreases muscle protein synthesis (MPS), possibly due to greater whole-body essential amino acid (EAA) requirements and reliance on energy stores. Whether energy deficit-induced anabolic resistance is overcome with non-nitrogenous supplemental energy or if increased energy as EAA is needed is unclear. We tested the effects of energy as EAA or carbohydrate, combined with an
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The Temporal Effects of Altitude and Low Energy Availability Manipulation on Resting Metabolic Rate in Female Race Walkers. Med. Sci. Sports Exercise (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-08-23 Megan A Kuikman,Alannah K A McKay,Rachel McCormick,Nicolin Tee,Brent Vallance,Kathryn E Ackerman,Rachel Harris,Kirsty J Elliott-Sale,Trent Stellingwerff,Louise M Burke
PURPOSE To investigate the temporal effects of ~1,800 m altitude exposure and energy availability (EA) manipulation on resting metabolic rate (RMR). METHODS Twenty elite female race walkers underwent a 3-week training camp at an altitude of ~1,800 m. During the first two weeks, athletes consumed a high EA (HEA) diet of 45 kcal·kg fat free mass (FFM) -1 ·day -1 . During the final week, half the athletes
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Time to Elicit Physiological and Exertional Vigorous Responses from Daily Living Activities: Setting Foundations of an Empirical Definition of VILPA. Med. Sci. Sports Exercise (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-08-23 Matthew N Ahmadi,Andreas Holtermann,Catrine Tudor-Locke,Annemarie Koster,Nathan Johnson,Josephine Chau,Le Wei,Angelo Sabag,Carol Maher,Cecilie Thøgersen-Ntoumani,Emmanuel Stamatakis
PURPOSE Vigorous intermittent lifestyle physical activity (VILPA) are bursts of incidental vigorous activity that occur during day-to-day activities outside of the exercise-domain. VILPA has shown promise in lowering risk of mortality and chronic disease. However, there is an absence of an empirically derived definition. Using physiological and effort-based metrics commonly used to define vigorous
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Core Temperature Response to Cold Water Immersion in Heat Stroke Patients Is Non-Linear and Unrelated to Sex or Body Size. Med. Sci. Sports Exercise (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-08-21 Coen C W G Bongers,Mandy A G Peggen,Geoffrey M Minett,Nick Kruijt,Bram Goris,Maria T E Hopman
PURPOSE Cold water immersion (CWI) is the most effective treatment for exertional heat stroke (EHS). However, knowledge on core temperature response during CWI treatment and the relation with patient characteristics (i.e., sex, anthropometrics) is limited. Therefore, the current study aimed to examine the core temperature response (in °C) during CWI treatment of recreational athletes participating
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Associations between Body Mass Index, Gait Mechanics and Trochlear Cartilage Thickness in Those with ACL Reconstruction. Med. Sci. Sports Exercise (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Steven A Garcia,McKenzie S White,Jovanna Gallegos,Isabella Balza,Seth Kahan,Riann M Palmieri-Smith
PURPOSE High body mass index (BMI) is a strong predictor of posttraumatic osteoarthritis (OA) after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Altered gait mechanics are independently affected by BMI and ACLR, and influence OA risk. Yet, evidence directly assessing the impact of high BMI on gait or cartilage characteristics after ACLR are limited. Here, we evaluated if high BMI moderates associations
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Muscle Mitochondrial Capacity Is Impaired Immediately Following Maximal Exercise. Med. Sci. Sports Exercise (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-08-20 Callie G Dickinson,Kristin M Mendez,Makayla D Holyfield,Nicholas T Batchelor,Kevin K McCully
PURPOSE This study measured the time course mVO2max following both maximal and submaximal exercise. METHODS Healthy male and female participants were tested (n = 12 maximal and n = 8 submaximal exercise). A NIRS device was placed on the left medial gastrocnemius. Participants performed either one minute of maximal, rapid (~2 Hz), or submaximal (~0.37 Hz) plantar flexion exercise on a custom pneumatic
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Effects of Hormonal Contraception and the Menstrual Cycle on Maximal Strength and Power Performance. Med. Sci. Sports Exercise (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-08-20 Hannah E Cabre,Kelly E Joniak,Alex N Ladan,Sam R Moore,Malia N M Blue,Brian G Pietrosimone,Yamnia I Cortes,Anthony C Hackney,Abbie E Smith-Ryan
INTRODUCTION To evaluate the effects of oral contraceptive (OC) and hormonal intrauterine device (H-IUD) use, compared to an eumenorrheic (EUM) cycle, on maximal strength and power between hormone phases. METHODS One repetition max (1RM) leg press and bench press, peak force (PF) from knee extension and upright row isometric dynamometry, and power from vertical jump height (VJH) and reactive strength
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Heat Suit Training Preserves the Increased Hemoglobin Mass Following Altitude Camp in Elite Cyclists. Med. Sci. Sports Exercise (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-08-20 Bent R Rønnestad,Ingvill Odden,Tomas Urianstad,Joar Hansen,Knut Sindre Mølmen,Daniele A Cardinale
PURPOSE Altitude training is a common strategy used with the intent to increase hemoglobin mass (Hbmass) in athletes. However, if the Hbmass is increased during altitude camps it seems to decline rapidly upon returning to sea level. This study aimed to examine the efficacy of three weekly heat training sessions over a 3.5-week period following a 3-week altitude camp, on the maintenance of Hbmass in
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Distinct Neural Drives along the Semitendinosus Muscle. Med. Sci. Sports Exercise (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-08-20 Chrysostomos Sahinis,Ioannis G Amiridis,Theodoros Kannas,Dario Farina,Roger M Enoka,Eleftherios Kellis
INTRODUCTION Conflicting results have been reported on the functional role of the proximal and distal compartments of the semitendinosus (ST) muscle. This study compared the discharge characteristics of motor units (MUs) in the two compartments at three knee-joint angles (0°: long length, 45°: intermediate length, and 90°: short length). METHODS Twenty men (21.4 ± 2.3 years) performed steady isometric
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Exercise Intolerance in McArdle Disease: A Role for Cardiac Impairment? A Preliminary Study in Humans and Mice. Med. Sci. Sports Exercise (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-08-20 Alejandro Santos-Lozano,Araceli Boraita,Pedro L Valenzuela,Alfredo Santalla,Mónica Villarreal-Salazar,Asunción Bustos,Lidia Brea-Alejo,David Barranco-Gil,Daniela Millán-Parlanti,Susana López-Ortiz,Saúl Peñín-Grandes,José Naranjo Orellana,Carmen Fiuza-Luces,Beatriz G Gálvez,Miguel Ángel García-Fernández,Tomàs Pinós,Alejandro Lucia
INTRODUCTION Whether cardiac impairment can be fully discarded in McArdle disease-the paradigm of 'exercise intolerance', caused by inherited deficiency of the skeletal muscle-specific glycogen phosphorylase isoform ('myophosphorylase')-remains to be determined. METHODS Eight patients with McArdle disease and seven age/sex-matched controls performed a 15-minute moderate, constant-load cycle-ergometer
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Metabolic Heat Production Modulates the Cardiovascular Drift-V̇O2max Relationship Independent of Aerobic Fitness in Women. Med. Sci. Sports Exercise (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-08-20 Tori Stone,Sarah G Burnash,Ryan L Earley,Annie M Mulholland,Hillary A Yoder,Hayley V MacDonald,Mark T Richardson,Jonathan E Wingo
INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that cardiovascular (CV) drift and associated decrements in maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) are greater in high-fit compared to low-fit women during exercise at the same %V̇O2max, but comparable at the same rate of metabolic heat production. METHODS Six high-fit (HI) and 6 low-fit (LO) women cycled in 35 °C for 15 min or 45 min
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Inflammatory and Oxidant Responses to Arduous Military Training: Associations with Stress, Sleep, and Performance. Med. Sci. Sports Exercise (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-08-20 Christopher K Kargl,Catherine R Gage,Jennifer N Forse,Kristen J Koltun,Matthew B Bird,Mita T Lovalekar,Brian J Martin,Bradley C Nindl
BACKGROUND Arduous military training frequently consists of prolonged physical activity, sleep disturbance, and stress that increases musculoskeletal injury risk and performance decrements. Inflammatory and oxidative stress responses have been reported in response to arduous training, but with inconsistencies across markers and with under-representation of women. The purpose of the current report was
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Assessment of Maximum Heart Rate Prediction Equations in Adults at Low and High Risk of Cardiovascular Disease. Med. Sci. Sports Exercise (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-08-20 Pierre Boulay,Ahmed Ghachem,Paul Poirier,Ronald J Sigal,Glen P Kenny
PURPOSE Maximum heart rate (HRmax) is commonly used to estimate exercise intensity. Since direct measurement of HRmax is not always practical, prediction equations were developed. However, most equations have not been properly validated in older adults at low and high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We sought to: 1) assess the accuracy of commonly used equations to predict HRmax amongst adults
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Baseline Symptoms and Neurocognitive Performance Across Collision, Contact, and Non-Contact Female High School Athletes. Med. Sci. Sports Exercise (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-08-12 Jessie R Oldham,David R Howell,Corey J Lanois,Paul D Berkner,Grant L Iverson,Rebekah C Mannix,William P Meehan
PURPOSE Our purpose was to represent a rare cohort of female collision sport athletes and investigate the association between sport type (collision, contact, non-contact), symptoms, and performance on baseline neurocognitive assessments. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study using baseline computerized neurocognitive scores (ImPACT) of 75,128 female high school student-athletes (age: 15.27 ±
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Manual Inter-Structural Release Procedure Can Alter Muscle Shear Modulus. Med. Sci. Sports Exercise (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-08-12 Tomoko Yamashita,Yasuhide Yoshitake,Hironori Watanabe,Sohei Washino,Kazuyoshi Gamada,Minoru Shinohara
PURPOSE Inter-structural release (ISR) procedure to skeletal muscles is believed to attenuate adhesion between neighboring muscles and alleviate subjective symptoms, including perceived stiffness and associated pain. However, objective evidence about the effect of ISR on the mechanical properties of the muscles is limited. The purpose of this study was to test the acute effect of ISR on the shear modulus
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Physical Fitness and Exercise Performance of Transgender Women. Med. Sci. Sports Exercise (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-08-12 Athiwat Saitong,Witthawat Naeowong,Daroonwan Suksom,Hirofumi Tanaka
INTRODUCTION In spite of the evolving participation of transgender adults in exercise and sports, research investigating the physical fitness of transgender women remains scarce in the scientific literature. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, a variety of reference-standard measures of physical fitness of transgender women who had undergone gender-affirming orchiectomy (30 ± 4 years; n = 15) and
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Pacing Behavior Development: The Role of Task Experience and the Presence of Competitors. Med. Sci. Sports Exercise (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-08-12 Stein Gerrit Paul Menting,Mohammed Khudair,Marije Titia Elferink-Gemser,Florentina Johanna Hettinga
INTRODUCTION Self-regulation of effort during exercise (i.e. pacing) is a determinant of exercise performance, which develops during childhood and adolescence. Yet, the various aspects of pacing under development, such as the capability to use task experience and retain the task goal in the presence of other competitors, have remained relatively unexplored. METHODS 9 adolescents (14.9 ± 2.1 years old)
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Middle Childhood Sport Participation Predicts Timely Long-Term Chances of Academic Success in Boys and Girls by Late Adolescence. Med. Sci. Sports Exercise (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-08-05 Linda S Pagani,Kianoush Harandian,Benoit Gauthier,Laurie-Anne Kosak,Beatrice Necsa,Mark Tremblay
INTRODUCTION School age children experience successive academic demands which increase over time. Extracurricular sport develops skills which involve physical movement, social rules, formal practice, and rational competition. This may facilitate success. PURPOSE Using a prospective-longitudinal birth cohort of 746 girls/721 boys, we examined prospective associations between middle childhood sport participation
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Acute Effects of Wearing a Cooling Vest after High-Intensity Running and at Rest on Energy Intake and Appetite in Young Men. Med. Sci. Sports Exercise (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-08-02 Ge Li,Daiki Watanabe,Motohiko Miyachi
PURPOSE Body cooling during and after exercise stimulates energy intake (EI). Cooling vests can also reasonably decrease body temperature under various sport occasions. This study examined the acute effects of wearing a cooling vest on EI and appetite after exercise and rest. METHODS Fifteen healthy young men underwent four trials randomly in a thermoneutral room (~24 °C, ~40% humidity). In two exercise
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Thermal and Cardiovascular Responses during Exertional Heat Stress after Diphenhydramine Use: A Randomized Crossover Trial. Med. Sci. Sports Exercise (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Douglas Newhouse,Emily Mihalcin,KarLee Lefebvre,Mario Nucci,Nicholas Ravanelli
INTRODUCTION Despite sparse systematic evidence, current exercise heat safety recommendations suggest that antihistamines blunt sweating and increase the risk for heat-related injury during exertional heat stress. The primary purpose of the present study was to examine whether diphenhydramine hydrochloride (DPH), a first-generation antihistamine, effects the sweating, core temperature, and heart rate
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Resting Energy Expenditure, Metabolic and Sex Hormones in Two Phases of the Menstrual and Hormonal Contraceptive Cycles. Med. Sci. Sports Exercise (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Ida E Löfberg,Jari E Karppinen,Vesa Laatikainen-Raussi,Maarit Lehti,Anthony C Hackney,Johanna K Ihalainen,Ritva S Mikkonen
INTRODUCTION Resting energy expenditure (REE) may fluctuate during the menstrual cycle (MC), due to the physiological effects of estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4). This study examined changes in REE and metabolic hormones (leptin, ghrelin, thyroid hormones), and dietary intake in two hormonally distinct groups, naturally menstruating women (NoOC) and women using monophasic combined oral contraceptives
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Palmitoylethanolamide Does Not Affect Recovery from Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage in Healthy Males. Med. Sci. Sports Exercise (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Moniek Schouten,Sebastiaan Dalle,Domiziana Costamagna,Monique Ramaekers,Stijn Bogaerts,Ruud Van Thienen,Koen Peers,Martine Thomis,Katrien Koppo
INTRODUCTION Strenuous eccentric exercise (EE) induces microstructural muscle damage, which decreases muscle performance. Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) exerts analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects in clinical pain conditions and preclinical models of experimentally induced-inflammation. This might hold clues for improved recovery from EE. Therefore, the current study evaluates the effect of PEA supplementation
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Varus Thrust Assessment Identified Responders to Quadriceps Exercise in Individuals at Risk of or with Knee Osteoarthritis. Med. Sci. Sports Exercise (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Hirotaka Iijima,Tomoki Aoyama
PURPOSE Identification of responders/non-responders to unsupervised therapeutic exercise represents a critical challenge towards establishment of tailored self-management at home. Focusing on visualized varus thrust during gait as a possible effect moderator, this study determined whether and how varus thrust influences the therapeutic effects of home-based quadriceps exercise in individuals at increased
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Collagen Peptide Supplementation during Training Does Not Further Increase Connective Tissue Protein Synthesis Rates. Med. Sci. Sports Exercise (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Marius Kirmse,Theo Maria Lottmann,Nicola Reiner Volk,Markus de Marées,Andrew M Holwerda,Luc J C van Loon,Petra Platen
INTRODUCTION Protein supplementation increases post-exercise muscle protein synthesis rates and, as such, supports exercise-induced muscle conditioning. Collagen protein has been suggested as the preferred protein source to stimulate muscle connective protein synthesis rates during recovery from exercise. Here we assessed the effects of hydrolyzed collagen peptide supplementation on both myofibrillar
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A Characterization of the Cardiac Physiology and Aortic Pulse Wave Properties of Artistic Swimmers Across Competitive Levels. Med. Sci. Sports Exercise (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Ryleigh E Baker,Christian P Cheung,Alexandra M Coates,Katharine D Currie,Trevor J King,Margo L Mountjoy,Jamie F Burr
PURPOSE The distinct physical and environmental stressors of artistic swimming (previously termed synchronized swimming) result in unique hemodynamic stimuli. Given that the hemodynamic stress associated with participation in an exercise modality drives adaptation of the heart and central vasculature, artistic swimming may produce a distinct cardiovascular phenotype. Presumably, athletes competing
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Cognitive Assessment in Grappling Athletes Following Choke versus Nonchoke Submissions. Med. Sci. Sports Exercise (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-07-16 Samuel J Stellpflug,Kirsten A Dalrymple,Matthew F Dummer,Broc R Schindler,Sarah V Ashton,David S Bachman,Robert C Lefevere
PURPOSE Participation in Brazilian jiu-jitsu and mixed martial arts has increased over the last three decades. These sports feature submission attacks, including strangles. These strangles, termed "chokes" in this context, primarily limit blood flow to the brain via compression of neck vasculature. There has been discussion in literature of the possibility of measurable cognitive effects following
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Can Eccentric-only Resistance Training Decrease Passive Muscle Stiffness while Increasing Size and Strength of Hamstrings? Med. Sci. Sports Exercise (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-07-16 Raki Kawama,Katsuki Takahashi,Haruki Ikifune,Hironoshin Tozawa,Takafumi Obata,Ryo Ito,Tatsuya Hojo,Taku Wakahara
PURPOSE Resistance training may be empirically believed to increase passive muscle stiffness. Meanwhile, a recent study showed that the passive stiffness of a specific hamstring muscle acutely decreased after eccentric-only resistance exercise at long muscle lengths with a long contraction duration (LL). To extend this finding, the present study investigated the chronic effects of eccentric-only resistance
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The Physiological and Performance Development of Two Multiple Olympic Champion Rowers: A 20-Year Follow-Up Study. Med. Sci. Sports Exercise (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-07-11 Pavle Mikulic,Jere Gulin
PURPOSE This study reports the results of a 20-year (2005-2024) follow-up study of two 2-time Olympic and 6-time world champion rowing athletes. To provide a comprehensive picture of adaptations in physiological and performance characteristics to long-term training, we monitored the athletes' physiological and performance data annually through five 4-year developmental phases. METHODS Maximal oxygen
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Effect of Supplemental Oxygen on Physiological Responses to Exercise in Fibrotic Interstitial Lung Disease. Med. Sci. Sports Exercise (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-07-11 Yael Baidats,Shir Kadosh,Andrew M Jones,Daryl Wilkerson,Ariela Velner,Ronen Reuveny,Michael J Segel
PURPOSE We studied the effect of O2 supplementation on physiological response to exercise in patients with moderate to severe interstitial lung disease (ILD). METHODS 13 patients (age 66 ± 10 yrs., 7 males) with ILD (TLC 71 ± 22% predicted, carbon monoxide diffusion capacity (DLCO) 44 ± 16% predicted) and 13 healthy individuals (age 50 ± 17 yrs., 7 males) were tested. ILD patients performed symptom-limited
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Utility of Body Weight, Urine Color, and Thirst Perception (WUT) in Determining Hydration in Young Adults. Med. Sci. Sports Exercise (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-09-13 William M Adams,Travis Anderson,Mitchell E Zaplatosch,Samuel N Cheuvront,Robert Kenefick,Brandon Yates,Margaret C Morrissey-Basler,Douglas J Casa,Laurie Wideman
OBJECTIVE The primary aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of the weight, urine, thirst (WUT) framework in predicting dehydration after a body water manipulation protocol, while concurrently determining the individual and interactive contributions of the model components. METHODS The total study sample was 93 participants (female, n = 47), recruited from two institutions. Phase 1 involved collecting
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Hot But Not Cold Water Immersion Mitigates the Decline in Rate of Force Development following Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage. Med. Sci. Sports Exercise (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-07-05 Benoît Sautillet,Nicolas Bourdillon,Grégoire P Millet,François Billaut,Abdellah Hassar,Hicham Moufti,Saïd Ahmaïdi,Guillaume Costalat
PURPOSE In recent years, there has been significant advancement in the guidelines for recovery protocols involving heat or cold water immersion. Yet, comparison between the effects of hot and cold water immersion on key markers of neuromuscular recovery following exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) is lacking. METHODS Thirty physically active males completed an individualized and tailored EIMD protocol
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An Individual vs Parent Supported Physical Activity Intervention in Adolescents with Intellectual Disabilities. Med. Sci. Sports Exercise (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-07-05 Lauren T Ptomey,Richard A Washburn,Jaehoon Lee,Joseph R Sherman,Anna M Rice,Jessica C Danon,David A White,Amanda N Szabo-Reed,Brian C Helsel,Joseph E Donnelly
INTRODUCTION Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is inadequate in adolescents with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). This report describes the results of an 18-mo. clinical trial in adolescents with IDD which compared changes in accelerometer assessed daily MVPA, gross motor quotient and leg press strength between participants randomized to an exercise intervention delivered
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Associations between Sleep and Physical Activity Behavior Clusters and Epigenetic Age Acceleration in Mexican Adolescents. Med. Sci. Sports Exercise (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Margaret Banker,Erica C Jansen,Jaclyn M Goodrich,Lindsey English,Dana C Dolinoy,Peter X K Song,Jonathan A Mitchell,Martha María Téllez-Rojo,Alejandra Cantoral,Karen E Peterson
INTRODUCTION Epigenetic aging, a marker of biological aging measured by DNA methylation, may be affected by behaviors, including sleep and physical activity. However, investigations of physical activity and sleep with epigenetic aging among pediatric populations are scant and have not accounted for correlated behaviors. METHODS The study population included 472 Mexico City adolescents (52% female)
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NHANES 2011-2014: Objective Physical Activity Is the Strongest Predictor of All-Cause Mortality. Med. Sci. Sports Exercise (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Andrew Leroux,Erjia Cui,Ekaterina Smirnova,John Muschelli,Jennifer A Schrack,Ciprian M Crainiceanu
INTRODUCTION Objectively measured physical activity (PA) is a modifiable risk factor for mortality. Understanding the predictive performance of PA is essential to establish potential targets for early intervention to reduce mortality among older adults. METHODS The study used a subset of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014 data consisting of participants 50 to 80
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Genetic Regulation of Physical Fitness in Children: A Twin Study of 15 Tests from Eurofit and Fitnessgram Test Batteries. Med. Sci. Sports Exercise (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Karri Silventoinen,José Maia,Elina Sillanpää,Reijo Sund,Élvio R Gouveia,António Antunes,Gonçalo Marques,Martine Thomis,Jaakko Kaprio,Duarte Freitas
PURPOSE This study aimed to analyze the shared genetic background of physical fitness tests in children. METHODS Physical fitness was assessed in 198 Portuguese twin pairs (6-18 yr old, 40% monozygotic) through 15 tests from the Eurofit and Fitnessgram test batteries. Genetic twin modeling was used to estimate the heritability of each test and the genetic correlations between them. RESULTS Girls performed
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Impact of Eccentric versus Concentric Cycling Exercise on Neuromuscular Fatigue and Muscle Damage in Breast Cancer Patients. Med. Sci. Sports Exercise (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-06-27 Elyse Hucteau,Joris Mallard,Chiara Barbi,Massimo Venturelli,Roland Schott,Philippe Trensz,Carole Pflumio,Michal Kalish-Weindling,Xavier Pivot,Fabrice Favret,Guillaume P Ducrocq,Stéphane P Dufour,Allan F Pagano,Thomas J Hureau
INTRODUCTION This study investigated the magnitude and etiology of neuromuscular fatigue and muscle damage induced by eccentric cycling compared to conventional concentric cycling in patients with breast cancer. METHODS After a gradual familiarization protocol for eccentric cycling, nine patients with early-stage breast cancer performed three cycling sessions in eccentric or concentric mode. The eccentric
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Changes in Metabolic and Inflammatory Markers after a Combined Exercise Program in Workers: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Med. Sci. Sports Exercise (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-06-27 Fernanda M Silva,Pedro Duarte-Mendes,José P Ferreira,Eugénia Carvalho,Diogo Monteiro,Alain Massart,Carlos Farinha,Carlos M Soares,Ana M Teixeira
PURPOSE We investigated the effects of a 16-week combined exercise training on body composition, metabolic and inflammatory markers in sedentary middle-aged workers. We also assessed whether significant alterations in metabolic markers were associated with changes in health-related outcomes. METHODS This randomized controlled trial involved 46 participants randomly allocated into control and exercise
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Acute and Chronic Changes in Muscle Androgen Receptor Markers Are Not Associated with Muscle Hypertrophy in Women and Men. Med. Sci. Sports Exercise (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-06-27 João G A Bergamasco,Maíra C Scarpelli,Joshua S Godwin,Paulo H C Mesquita,Talisson S Chaves,Deivid G Silva,Diego Bittencourt,Nathalia F Dias,Ricardo A Medalha Junior,Paulo C Carello Filho,Vitor Angleri,Luiz A R Costa,J Max Michel,Felipe C Vechin,Andreas N Kavazis,Carlos Ugrinowitsch,Michael D Roberts,Cleiton A Libardi
PURPOSE Androgen receptor (AR) expression and signaling has been regarded as a mechanism for regulating muscle hypertrophy. However, little is known about the associations between acute and chronic changes in skeletal muscle total AR, cytoplasmic AR (cAR), nuclear AR (nAR) and AR DNA-binding (AR-DNA) induced by resistance training (RT) and hypertrophy outcomes in women and men. This study aimed to
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The Influence of Aging on the Unfolded Protein Response in Human Skeletal Muscle at Rest and Following Acute Exercise. Med. Sci. Sports Exercise (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-06-27 Kelly L Michie,Hawley E Kunz,Surendra Dasari,Ian R Lanza
BACKGROUND The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a proteostatic process that is activated in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress. It is currently unclear how aging influences the chronic and adaptive UPR in human skeletal muscle. Here we determined the effect of aging on UPR activation at rest, in response to exercise, and the associations with muscle function. METHODS Thirty young (20-35 yrs)
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Allostatic Load Is Associated with Overuse Musculoskeletal Injury during US Marine Corps Officer Candidates School. Med. Sci. Sports Exercise (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-06-27 Evan D Feigel,Matthew B Bird,Kristen J Koltun,Mita Lovalekar,Jennifer N Forse,Catherine R Gage,Elizabeth J Steele,Christopher K Kargl,Brian J Martin,Angelique Bannister,Angelito V Cruz,Tim L A Doyle,Karl E Friedl,Bradley C Nindl
INTRODUCTION Overuse musculoskeletal injuries (MSKIs) remain a significant medical challenge in military personnel undergoing military training courses; a further understanding of the biological process leading to overuse MSKI development and biological signatures for injury risk are warranted. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between overuse MSKI occurrence and physiological
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Associations of Reallocating Sedentary Time to Physical Activity and Sleep with Physical and Mental Health of Older Adults. Med. Sci. Sports Exercise (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-06-27 Wei Liang,Yanping Wang,Ning Su,Huiqi Song,Ryan E Rhodes,Xiang Wang,Borui Shang,Lin Zhou,Qian Huang,Danran Bu,Julien S Baker,Yanping Duan
INTRODUCTION Twenty-four-hour movement behaviors: moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), light physical activity (LPA), sedentary behavior (SB), and sleep are crucial factors affecting older adults' health. Using a compositional data analysis approach, this study examined the associations of time spent in these four movement behaviors with cardiometabolic health, physical fitness, and mental
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Resistance Exercise and Skeletal Muscle-Related Outcomes in Patients with Cancer: A Systematic Review. Med. Sci. Sports Exercise (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-06-25 Dong-Woo Kang,Jacqueline K Dawson,Oscar Barnes,Rebekah L Wilson,Mary K Norris,Paola Gonzalo-Encabo,Cami N Christopher,Salvatore Ficarra,Christina M Dieli-Conwright
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle loss is prevalent throughout the cancer continuum and correlated with morbidity and mortality. Resistance exercise has been trialed to mitigate skeletal muscle loss. This systematic review summarizes and qualitatively synthesizes the effects of resistance exercise on muscle-related outcomes in adult cancer populations, including skeletal muscle mass, performance and muscle-related
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Mood, Cognitive Function, and Plasma Kynurenine Metabolites Responses Following Severe Changes in Physical Activity. Med. Sci. Sports Exercise (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-06-21 Sigitas Kamandulis,Inga Lukonaitiene,Audrius Snieckus,Marius Brazaitis,Mantas Mickevicius,Margarita Cernych,Jorge Ruas,Lilly Schwieler,Varvara Louvrou,Sophie Erhardt,Hakan Westerblad,Tomas Venckunas
PURPOSE To monitor changes in mood, cognitive function, brain electrical activity, and circulating kynurenine pathway metabolites in response to a 3-wk severe physical activity (PA) restriction, followed by 3 wk of resumed activity adding resistance and high-intensity interval exercise training. METHODS Twenty healthy participants (14 males, 6 females; 25.4 ± 5.2 yr) underwent 3 wk of limited PA using
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Long-Term Resistance Trained Human Muscles Have More Fibers, More Myofibrils, and Tighter Myofilament Packing Than Untrained. Med. Sci. Sports Exercise (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-06-19 Sumiaki Maeo,Thomas G Balshaw,Benjamin März,Zhaoxia Zhou,Bill Haug,Neil R W Martin,Nicola Maffulli,Jonathan P Folland
INTRODUCTION Increases in skeletal muscle size occur in response to prolonged exposure to resistance training that is typically ascribed to increased muscle fiber size. Whether muscle fiber number also changes remains controversial, and a paucity of data exists about myofibrillar structure. This cross-sectional study compared muscle fiber and myofibril characteristics in long-term resistance-trained
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Aquatic High Intensity Interval Deep Water Running Influence on Cardiometabolic Health and Cognitive Psychological Responses in Women. Med. Sci. Sports Exercise (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-06-18 Manny M Y Kwok,Shamay S M Ng,Jonathan Myers,Billy C L So
Aquatic High Intensity Interval Training Deep water running (AHIIT-DWR) has the potential to improve cardiometabolic health and cognitive psychological responses, offering a reduced risk of injuries and greater affordability for inactive elderly women. Purpose: To investigate the effects of an 8-week AHIIT- DWR intervention compared to land-based HIT training (LHIIT) on cardiometabolic health, cognitive
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Durability of Running Economy: Differences between Quantification Methods and Performance Status in Male Runners. Med. Sci. Sports Exercise (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-06-10 Michele Zanini,Jonathan P Folland,Richard C Blagrove
INTRODUCTION Running economy (RE) deteriorates during prolonged running, although the effect of measuring energy cost (EC) or oxygen cost (OC) on the magnitude of these changes has not been investigated. Similarly, it is unknown if runners' performance level may influence the deterioration of RE during prolonged running. The aims of this study were to compare changes in EC and OC measurements of RE