Botryosphaeriales was introduced in 2006 for a single family Botryosphaeriaceae. Since then the number of families has increased as a result of the transfer of one family (Planistromellaceae) into the order, re-instatement of another (Phyllostictaceae), while others resulted from raising genera to family status (Aplosporellaceae, Endomelanconiopsisaceae, Melanopsaceae, Pseudofusicoccumaceae, Saccharataceae and Septorioideaceae). All these decisions were based solely on phylogenetic analyses of several different loci. There has been no consensus on which loci are suitable markers at this taxonomic level and in some cases the datasets used to construct the phylogenies were incomplete. In this paper, the families of Botryosphaeriales were re-assessed in terms of morphology of the sexual morphs, phylogenetic relationships based on ITS and LSU sequence data, and evolutionary divergence times of lineages in relation to major events in the evolution of their hosts on a geological timescale. Six main lineages were resolved in the phylogenetic analyses and these correspond to six groups as defined on morphology of the sexual morphs. These lineages evolved during the Late epoch of the Cretaceous period and survived the catastrophic event that led to the mass extinction of non-avian dinosaurs and a great loss of plant diversity at the end of the Cretaceous period. They then diversified during the Paleocene and Eocene epochs of the Paleogene period. These six lineages are considered to represent families in Botryosphaeriales. Therefore, six families (Aplosporellaceae, Botryosphaeriaceae, Melanopsaceae, Phyllostictaceae, Planistromellaceae and Saccharataceae) are accepted in Botryosphaeriales, while three (Endomelanconiopsisaceae, Pseudofusicoccumaceae and Septorioideaceae) are reduced to synonymy under existing families.

中文翻译：

---

葡萄球菌的家族：系统发育，形态学和进化的角度

Botryosphaeriales于2006年引入，用于单亲Botryosphaeriaceae。从那时起家庭的数量也有所增加转移一个家庭（的结果Planistromellaceae）插入的顺序，复职另一个（的Phyllostictaceae），而另一些是由于募集属家庭状况（Aplosporellaceae，Endomelanconiopsisaceae，Melanopsaceae，Pseudofusicoccumaceae，糖科和乌贼科）。所有这些决定仅基于对几个不同基因座的系统发育分析。在该分类学水平上，哪些基因座是合适的标记尚无共识，在某些情况下，用于构建系统发育的数据集并不完整。在本文中，葡萄孢属的家庭根据性形态的形态，基于ITS和LSU序列数据的系统发生关系以及沿地理时间尺度与它们的宿主进化相关的主要事件的谱系进化分歧时间，对这些物种进行了重新评估。在系统发育分析中解析了六个主要谱系，它们对应于性形态学形态上定义的六个组。这些世系在白垩纪晚期时代演化，并幸免于灾难性事件，导致非禽类恐龙大规模灭绝，并在白垩纪末期极大地丧失了植物多样性。然后它们在古近纪的古新世和始新世时期进行了多样化。这六个血统被认为代表了Botryosphaeriales的家庭。因此，六个家庭（Aplosporellaceae，Botryosphaeriaceae，Melanopsaceae，Phyllostictaceae，Planistromellaceae和Saccharataceae）被接受在Botryosphaeriales，而3（Endomelanconiopsisaceae，Pseudofusicoccumaceae和Septorioideaceae）是现有的家庭在减压到同义。