BACKGROUND Dysfunction of the tensor fascia latae (TFL) muscle is often clinically implicated in many musculoskeletal disorders. OBJECTIVE To systematically review the literature of the TFL muscle to determine whether there are differences in its structure and activation between individuals with and without lower limb musculoskeletal conditions. DATA SOURCES A comprehensive search in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINHAL, and LILACS was undertaken from year of inception to 9 July 2019. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES Studies that directly investigated the structure or activity of the TFL muscle between individuals with a lower limb musculoskeletal condition and a pain-free control group. RESULTS Seventeen studies were included (n = 556 participants), eight reporting structure and ten activation of the TFL muscle. Conditions included lateral hip pain, hip joint pathology, ACL injury, iliotibial band syndrome, and patellofemoral joint osteoarthritis. Meta-analysis identified with low confidence (p value = 0.07) a small tendency towards hypertrophy in the affected side of participants with hip joint diseases (SMD 0.37, 95% CI [- 0.02, 0.77]). Moderate effect sizes were found for a higher cross-sectional area of the TFL/sartorius ratio in abductor tendon tear (SMD 0.74; 95% CI [0.05, 1.43, p value = 0.04), and for a smaller body mass normalized TFL volume in patellofemoral joint osteoarthritis (SMD - 0.61; 95% CI [- 1.23, 0.00], p value = 0.05). Normalised electromyography (EMG) amplitude did not differ between groups for any condition, but when EMG was analysed as linear envelopes or synergies, some differences in pattern of TFL activation were observed between individuals with lateral hip pain and controls. Timing of TFL activation did not differ between individuals with knee conditions and controls. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Common clinical assumptions of the role of TFL muscle in lower limb musculoskeletal conditions are not well investigated and poorly supported by current research. There are contradictory findings on the muscle size of TFL. Differing methodology in muscle activation studies precludes a clear interpretation for comparison between groups. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42017076160.

中文翻译：

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下肢肌肉骨骼疾病个体阔筋膜张肌结构和激活：系统评价和荟萃分析。

背景技术阔筋膜张肌（TFL）的功能障碍通常在临床上与许多肌肉骨骼疾病有关。目的 系统回顾 TFL 肌肉的文献，以确定在有和没有下肢肌肉骨骼疾病的个体之间其结构和激活是否存在差异。数据来源 从成立之年到 2019 年 7 月 9 日，对 MEDLINE、EMBASE、CNHIAL 和 LILACS 进行了全面搜索。 选择研究的资格标准 直接调查下肢肌肉骨骼疾病个体之间 TFL 肌肉结构或活动的研究和无痛对照组。结果 包括 17 项研究（n = 556 名参与者），8 项报告结构和 10 项 TFL 肌肉激活。病症包括侧髋关节疼痛、髋关节病变、ACL 损伤、髂胫束综合征和髌股关节骨关节炎。Meta 分析以低置信度 (p 值 = 0.07) 确定了髋关节疾病参与者患侧肥大的小趋势 (SMD 0.37, 95% CI [- 0.02, 0.77])。外展肌腱撕裂中 TFL/缝匠肌比率的横截面积较高（SMD 0.74；95% CI [0.05, 1.43, p 值 = 0.04）和较小的体重标准化 TFL 体积在髌股关节骨关节炎（SMD - 0.61；95% CI [- 1.23, 0.00]，p 值 = 0.05）。在任何条件下，归一化肌电图 (EMG) 幅度在各组之间没有差异，但当 EMG 被分析为线性包络或协同作用时，在髋关节外侧疼痛的个体和对照组之间观察到 TFL 激活模式的一些差异。TFL 激活的时间在有膝关节疾病的个体和对照组之间没有差异。结论和意义 TFL 肌肉在下肢肌肉骨骼疾病中的作用的常见临床假设没有得到很好的研究，也没有得到当前研究的支持。关于 TFL 的肌肉大小存在矛盾的发现。肌肉激活研究中的不同方法排除了对组间比较的清晰解释。PROSPERO 注册号 CRD42017076160。结论和意义 TFL 肌肉在下肢肌肉骨骼疾病中的作用的常见临床假设没有得到很好的研究，也没有得到当前研究的支持。关于 TFL 的肌肉大小存在矛盾的发现。肌肉激活研究中的不同方法排除了对组间比较的清晰解释。PROSPERO 注册号 CRD42017076160。结论和意义 TFL 肌肉在下肢肌肉骨骼疾病中的作用的常见临床假设没有得到很好的研究，也没有得到当前研究的支持。关于 TFL 的肌肉大小存在矛盾的发现。肌肉激活研究中的不同方法排除了对组间比较的清晰解释。PROSPERO 注册号 CRD42017076160。