The complexation–ultrafiltration technique has been introduced as a capable system to remove heavy metals ions from wastewater. This method needs a water-soluble polymer; therefore, in this paper we synthesized super water-soluble poly(itaconic acid) (PITA) and employed it in polymer-assisted ultrafiltration process to remove Pb(II) ions from synthetic wastewater solutions. The itaconic acid can be produced from different agricultural products and is a green and eco-friendly material. Factors influencing the removal of the metals ions including poly(itaconic acid) concentration, pH and permeate flux were investigated. The results showed that the maximum percentage of metal ion removal was obtained in the basic pH (pH > 7). The flux test was performed by 200 mg/L of poly(itaconic acid) and after 60 min, the flux of membrane was 33.4 L/m²h. The simultaneously selective removal ability of the poly(itaconic acid) for adsorption of different metal ions (Pb²⁺, Sn²⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, and Cd²⁺) was also studied. The trend of rejection was Pb²⁺ > Cu²⁺ > Sn²⁺ > Zn²⁺ > Cd²⁺. The highest rejection of Pb(II) ions was achieved as 86%. Generally, the results of this research demonstrated that poly(itaconic acid) (with two carboxyl groups on its repeating unit) is more effective in removing heavy metals ions from wastewater in comparison with customary polymers.

中文翻译：

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聚衣康酸辅助超滤去除废水中重金属离子

络合-超滤技术已被引入作为一种从废水中去除重金属离子的有效系统。该方法需要水溶性聚合物。因此，在本文中，我们合成了超水溶性聚衣康酸（PITA），并将其用于聚合物辅助超滤过程中，以去除合成废水中的Pb（II）离子。衣康酸可由不同的农产品生产，是一种绿色环保的材料。研究了影响金属离子去除的因素，包括聚衣康酸，pH和渗透通量。结果表明，在碱性pH（pH> 7）下获得了最大的金属离子去除率。通量测试是通过200 mg / L聚衣康酸进行的，在60分钟后，膜通量为33.4 L / m²小时 还研究了聚衣康酸同时吸附不同金属离子（Pb 2 ⁺，Sn 2 ⁺，Cu 2 ⁺，Zn ²⁺和Cd ²⁺）的选择性去除能力。排阻趋势为Pb ²⁺  > Cu ²⁺  > Sn ²⁺  > Zn ²⁺  > Cd ²⁺。最高的Pb（II）离子截留率达到86％。通常，这项研究的结果表明，与常规聚合物相比，聚衣康酸（在其重复单元上带有两个羧基）可更有效地去除废水中的重金属离子。