Nanoemulsions were successfully developed through high-pressure homogenization. The layer-by-layer electrostatic technique was used for the subsequent deposition of a chitosan and alginate polyelectrolyte layers, thus leading to the development of a multilayer nanoemulsion. The effect of polyelectrolytes concentration in the development of multilayer nanoemulsions was evaluated in terms of hydrodynamic diameter (H_d), polydispersity index (PdI), zeta potential (Zp), and curcumin encapsulation efficiency. The interactions between polyelectrolytes and nanoemulsion were further analyzed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), while curcumin degradation was determined through the evaluation of the antioxidant capacity of the nanosystems. Results showed an encapsulation efficiency of 99.8 ± 0.8% and a loading capacity of 0.53 ± 0.03% (w/w). The presence of the multilayers leads to an increase of the H_d of the nanosystems, from 80.0 ± 0.9 nm (nanoemulsion) to 130.1 ± 1.5 nm (multilayer nanoemulsion). Release profiles were evaluated at different conditions, fitting a linear superposition model to experimental data suggests an anomalous behavior, being the relaxation of the surfactant and polyelectrolytes the rate-determining phenomena in curcumin release. The developed nanosystems showed great potential for the incorporation of lipophilic bioactive compounds, in view of their application in food and pharmaceutical products.

中文翻译：

---

基于脂质的纳米系统的发展和表征：界面组成对纳米乳液行为的影响

通过高压均质化成功开发了纳米乳液。逐层静电技术被用于随后的壳聚糖和藻酸盐聚电解质层的沉积，因此导致了多层纳米乳液的发展。根据流体力学直径（H _d），多分散指数（PdI），ζ电位（Zp）评估了聚电解质浓度对多层纳米乳液发展的影响。）和姜黄素的封装效率。使用傅立叶变换红外（FTIR）光谱和石英晶体微天平（QCM）进一步分析了聚电解质与纳米乳液之间的相互作用，而姜黄素的降解是通过评估纳米系统的抗氧化能力来确定的。结果显示包封效率为99.8±0.8％，负载容量为0.53±0.03％（w / w）。多层的存在导致H _d的增加从80.0±0.9 nm（纳米乳液）到130.1±1.5 nm（多层纳米乳液）。在不同条件下评估了释放曲线，将线性叠加模型拟合到实验数据表明异常行为，这是表面活性剂的松弛和聚电解质在姜黄素释放中的决定速率的现象。鉴于其在食品和药品中的应用，已开发的纳米系统显示出掺入亲脂性生物活性化合物的巨大潜力。