Quite a high percentage of newly discovered drugs are discarded due to their low aqueous solubility and variable bioavailability. Therefore, it is necessary to explore new methodologies for increasing the aqueous solubility of such drugs. Several procedures have been proposed for this purpose, including salt formation, particle size reduction or using surfactants. In this report, we have improved the aqueous solubility of flurbiprofen by employing aqueous solution of anionic (SDS, SDBS), cationic (DTAB, CTAB, TTAB), non-ionic (Triton X-100 and Triton X-114 and DDAO) and zwitterionic DDAPS surfactants. It is concluded that all of the surfactants increased the solubility of flurbiprofen which increased with the increasing surfactant concentration. The reason behind such a trend was that the drug is partitioned between micelles and the aqueous phase. An increase in aqueous solubility of the drug was correlated with the (molar) solubilization ratio (χ), partition coefficient of drug (KM) between micelle and water, binding constant (K1) and standard state Gibbs energy of solubilization (ΔGso\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\Delta G_{\text{s}}^{\text{o}}$$\end{document}) of the drug in the micelles. The order of drug solubilization in nonionic and zwitterionic surfactants was found as Triton X-114 > Triton X-100 > DDAO > DDAPS. In the case of anionic surfactants, it was noted as SDBS > SDS, whereas cationic surfactants solubilized the drug in the order of CTAB > TTAB > DTAB. The differences in χ and log10KM are attributed to the structural features of the surfactants. The aggregation number, HLB, core volume of micelles and electrostatic interaction between drug and micelles play important roles in solubilization of drugs in micellar solutions. The nonionic surfactants proved to be better, due to their low critical micelle concentrations higher solubilization capability and nontoxic nature; they were also found to have better drug release profiles.

中文翻译：

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离子、两性离子和非离子表面活性剂对水不溶性药物氟比洛芬的增溶潜力

相当高比例的新发现药物因其低水溶性和可变生物利用度而被丢弃。因此，有必要探索提高此类药物水溶性的新方法。为此目的提出了几种方法，包括盐的形成、粒度减小或使用表面活性剂。在本报告中，我们通过使用阴离子（SDS、SDBS）、阳离子（DTAB、CTAB、TTAB）、非离子（Triton X-100 和 Triton X-114 和 DDAO）和两性离子 DDAPS 表面活性剂。结论是所有的表面活性剂都增加了氟比洛芬的溶解度，随着表面活性剂浓度的增加而增加。这种趋势背后的原因是药物在胶束和水相之间分配。药物水溶性的增加与（摩尔）增溶比（χ）、胶束和水之间的药物分配系数（KM）、结合常数（K1）和标准状态吉布斯增溶能（ΔGso\documentclass[ 12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\Delta G_{\text{s}}^{\text{o}}$$\end{document}) 胶束中的药物。药物在非离子和两性离子表面活性剂中的溶解顺序为 Triton X-114 > Triton X-100 > DDAO > DDAPS。对于阴离子表面活性剂，记为 SDBS > SDS，而阳离子表面活性剂以 CTAB > TTAB > DTAB 的顺序溶解药物。χ 和 log10KM 的差异归因于表面活性剂的结构特征。聚集数、HLB、胶束核心体积以及药物与胶束之间的静电相互作用在药物在胶束溶液中的增溶中起着重要作用。非离子表面活性剂被证明更好，因为它们的临界胶束浓度低，溶解能力高，无毒；还发现它们具有更好的药物释放曲线。由于它们的临界胶束浓度较低，因此具有较高的增溶能力和无毒性质；还发现它们具有更好的药物释放曲线。由于它们的临界胶束浓度较低，因此具有较高的增溶能力和无毒性质；还发现它们具有更好的药物释放曲线。