The hydrology of cold regions has been studied for decades with substantial progress in process understanding and prediction. Simultaneously, work on nutrient yields from agricultural land in cold regions has shown much slower progress. Advancement of nutrient modelling is constrained by well-documented issues of spatial heterogeneity, climate dependency, data limitations and over-parameterization of models, as well as challenges specific to cold regions due to the complex (and often unknown) behaviour of hydro-biogeochemical processes at temperatures close to and below freezing where a phase change occurs.

This review is a critical discussion of these issues by taking a close look at the conceptual models and methods behind used catchment nutrient models. The impact of differences in model structure and the methods used for the prediction of hydrological processes, erosion and biogeochemical cycles are examined. The appropriateness of scale, scope, and complexity of models are discussed to propose future research directions.

寒冷地区的水文学已经研究了数十年，在过程理解和预测方面取得了实质性进展。同时，在寒冷地区，农业土地上的养分生产工作进展缓慢。营养素模型的发展受到空间上异质性，气候依赖性，数据局限性和模型的过分参数化的充分记录的问题的约束，并且由于水生生物地球化学过程的复杂（且通常是未知的）行为而对寒冷地区具有挑战性在接近或低于冰点的温度下发生相变。

通过仔细研究二手集水区养分模型背后的概念模型和方法，这篇综述是对这些问题的重要讨论。研究了模型结构以及用于预测水文过程，侵蚀和生物地球化学循环的方法中的差异的影响。讨论了模型的规模，范围和复杂性的适当性，以提出未来的研究方向。