To reduce scale spallation, scale volatilization, and nitrogen embrittlement in Cr-based systems, reactive elements such as Y, Zr, Hf, La, and Ce were introduced as oxide dispersions into pure chromium. In addition, Hf coating systems were investigated. One was a Hf sputter layer with varying thickness, and the other one a Hf-containing precursor ceramic, i.e., SiHfBCN, which may be considered as suitable material for environmental barrier coating applications. Oxidation tests at 1050∘C\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$1050\,^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$\end{document} in synthetic air for 50 h were carried out using thermogravimetric analysis. The samples were analyzed via X-ray diffraction, optical microscope, electron microprobe analysis, and scanning electron microscope. All reactive elements led to a decrease in total mass gain after oxidation compared to pure Cr, with Y and Zr showing the strongest effect. Improvements in oxide attachment, oxide growth rate, volatilization rate as well as nitridation resistance were observed. Concerning these experiments, Y showed the most promising results. Concerning Hf, coating systems, especially SiHfBCN, showed a higher effect on improving the oxidation resistance. The reason for this outcome might be that not only Hf is active in the precursor ceramic layer. A more complex oxide layer has formed, which consisted of not only Cr2O3 but also of Hf and Si oxides. This layer prevents the material from any nitridation under the selected oxidation conditions.

中文翻译：

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合金化和 SiHfBCN 涂层对纯铬氧化的反应元素效应

为了减少 Cr 基体系中的水垢剥落、水垢挥发和氮脆化，将 Y、Zr、Hf、La 和 Ce 等活性元素作为氧化物分散体引入纯铬中。此外，还研究了 Hf 涂层系统。一种是厚度不同的 Hf 溅射层，另一种是含 Hf 的前体陶瓷，即 SiHfBCN，它可以被认为是适用于环境屏障涂层应用的材料。氧化测试在 1050∘C\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \ setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$1050\,^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$\end{document} 在合成空气中使用热重分析进行 50 小时。通过X射线衍射、光学显微镜、电子探针分析和扫描电子显微镜对样品进行分析。与纯 Cr 相比，所有反应元素都导致氧化后总质量增加减少，其中 Y 和 Zr 显示出最强的影响。观察到氧化物附着、氧化物生长速率、挥发速率以及氮化抗性的改进。关于这些实验，Y 显示出最有希望的结果。关于 Hf，涂层系统，尤其是 SiHfBCN，在提高抗氧化性方面表现出更高的效果。这种结果的原因可能是不仅 Hf 在前体陶瓷层中具有活性。形成了一个更复杂的氧化物层，它不仅包含 Cr2O3，还包含 Hf 和 Si 氧化物。