Metabolic reprogramming in cancer targets glutamine metabolism as a key mechanism to provide energy, biosynthetic precursors and redox requirements to allow the massive proliferation of tumor cells. Glutamine is also a signaling molecule involved in essential pathways regulated by oncogenes and tumor suppressor factors. Glutaminase isoenzymes are critical proteins to control glutaminolysis, a key metabolic pathway for cell proliferation and survival that directs neoplasms' fate. Adaptive glutamine metabolism can be altered by different metabolic therapies, including the use of specific allosteric inhibitors of glutaminase that can evoke synergistic effects for the therapy of cancer patients. We also review other clinical applications of in vivo assessment of glutaminolysis by metabolomic approaches, including diagnosis and monitoring of cancer.

中文翻译：

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谷氨酰胺裂解的治疗靶向是抗击癌症的重要策略。

癌症中的代谢重编程将谷氨酰胺代谢作为提供能量，生物合成前体和氧化还原需求以允许肿瘤细胞大量增殖的关键机制。谷氨酰胺也是一种信号分子，参与由癌基因和肿瘤抑制因子调控的基本途径。谷氨酰胺酶同工酶是控制谷氨酰胺分解的关键蛋白，谷氨酰胺分解是指导肿瘤命运的细胞增殖和存活的关键代谢途径。适应性的谷氨酰胺代谢可以通过不同的代谢疗法来改变，包括使用谷氨酰胺酶的变构抑制剂，该抑制剂可以引起癌症患者的协同治疗作用。我们还回顾了通过代谢组学方法体内评估谷氨酰胺分解的其他临床应用，包括癌症的诊断和监测。