MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 20-24 nucleotide noncoding RNAs abundant in plants and animals. The biogenesis of plant miRNAs involves transcription of miRNA genes, processing of primary miRNA transcripts by DICER-LIKE proteins into mature miRNAs, and loading of mature miRNAs into ARGONAUTE proteins to form miRNA-induced silencing complex (miRISC). By targeting complementary sequences, miRISC negatively regulates gene expression, thereby coordinating plant development and plant-environment interactions. In this review, we present and discuss recent updates on the mechanisms and regulation of miRNA biogenesis, miRISC assembly and actions as well as the regulatory roles of miRNAs in plant developmental plasticity, abiotic/biotic responses, and symbiotic/parasitic interactions. Finally, we suggest future directions for plant miRNA research.

中文翻译：

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MicroRNAs 及其在植物-环境相互作用中的调节作用

MicroRNA (miRNA) 是 20-24 个核苷酸的非编码 RNA，在植物和动物中大量存在。植物 miRNA 的生物发生包括 miRNA 基因的转录、DICER-LIKE 蛋白将初级 miRNA 转录物加工成成熟 miRNA，以及将成熟 miRNA 加载到 ARGONAUTE 蛋白中以形成 miRNA 诱导的沉默复合物 (miRISC)。通过靶向互补序列，miRISC 负向调节基因表达，从而协调植物发育和植物-环境相互作用。在这篇综述中，我们介绍并讨论了 miRNA 生物发生、miRISC 组装和作用的机制和调节的最新更新，以及 miRNA 在植物发育可塑性、非生物/生物反应和共生/寄生相互作用中的调节作用。最后，我们提出了植物 miRNA 研究的未来方向。