The Mycosphaerellaceae represent thousands of fungal species that are associated with diseases on a wide range of plant hosts. Understanding and stabilising the taxonomy of genera and species of Mycosphaerellaceae is therefore of the utmost importance given their impact on agriculture, horticulture and forestry. Based on previous molecular studies, several phylogenetic and morphologically distinct genera within the Mycosphaerellaceae have been delimited. In this study a multigene phylogenetic analysis (LSU, ITS and rpb2) was performed based on 415 isolates representing 297 taxa and incorporating ex-type strains where available. The main aim of this study was to resolve the phylogenetic relationships among the genera currently recognised within the family, and to clarify the position of the cercosporoid fungi among them. Based on these results many well-known genera are shown to be paraphyletic, with several synapomorphic characters that have evolved more than once within the family. As a consequence, several old generic names including Cercosporidium, Fulvia, Mycovellosiella, Phaeoramularia and Raghnildiana are resurrected, and 32 additional genera are described as new. Based on phylogenetic data 120 genera are now accepted within the family, but many currently accepted cercosporoid genera still remain unresolved pending fresh collections and DNA data. The present study provides a phylogenetic framework for future taxonomic work within the Mycosphaerellaceae.

球腔菌科代表了数千种与多种植物宿主疾病相关的真菌物种。因此，鉴于球腔菌科对农业、园艺和林业的影响，了解和稳定其属和种的分类至关重要。根据先前的分子研究，球腔菌科内的几个系统发育和形态学上不同的属已经被界定。在这项研究中，基于代表 297 个分类单元的 415 个分离株进行了多基因系统发育分析（LSU、ITS 和rpb2），并纳入了现有的前型菌株。本研究的主要目的是解决该科内目前已识别的属之间的系统发育关系，并阐明尾孢子真菌在其中的地位。基于这些结果，许多著名的属被证明是并系的，具有在该科内不止一次进化的几个同源性特征。结果，包括Cercosporidium、Fulvia、Mycovellosiella、Phaeoramularia和Raghnildiana在内的几个旧属名被复活，另外 32 个属被描述为新属。根据系统发育数据，该科现已接受 120 个属，但许多目前接受的尾孢子属仍未得到解决，有待新的收集和 DNA 数据。本研究为球腔菌科未来的分类学工作提供了系统发育框架。