A decade ago, the author assessed the status of chromium as the trivalent ion as an essential element and as a therapeutic agent based on rodent studies for this journal. The current review was undertaken to update considerations regarding the status of chromium, focusing on studies of Cr supplementation of diabetic rodent models over the last decade. Cr can no longer be considered an essential trace element for humans. Observed effects of Cr on rodent models of insulin resistance and diabetes are best interpreted in terms of a pharmacological role for Cr. The review of studies on the effects of Cr on rat models of diabetes is updated, and the results continue to suggest Cr increases insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues of the rodent models. The lack of effects in human studies may stem from humans receiving a comparably smaller dose than the rodent models. However, given the different responses to Cr in the rodent models, humans could potentially have different responses to Cr. Recent studies primary utilizing rodents suggest two potential complementary but also contradictory modes of action for Cr(III) at a molecular level.

中文翻译：

---

铬(III) 具有药理学相关性吗？更新的重点是糖尿病啮齿动物模型的研究

十年前，作者根据本杂志的啮齿动物研究评估了铬作为三价离子作为必需元素和治疗剂的地位。当前的审查是为了更新有关铬状况的考虑，重点关注过去十年糖尿病啮齿动物模型的铬补充研究。 Cr不再被认为是人类必需的微量元素。观察到的 Cr 对胰岛素抵抗和糖尿病啮齿动物模型的影响最好用 Cr 的药理作用来解释。关于 Cr 对糖尿病大鼠模型影响的研究综述已更新，结果继续表明 Cr 会增加啮齿动物模型外周组织的胰岛素敏感性。人类研究中缺乏效果可能是因为人类接受的剂量比啮齿动物模型要小。然而，考虑到啮齿动物模型中对 Cr 的不同反应，人类可能对 Cr 也有不同的反应。最近主要利用啮齿动物进行的研究表明，Cr(III) 在分子水平上有两种潜在的互补但也相互矛盾的作用模式。