The immune system and the kidneys are closely related. Immune components mediate acute kidney disease and are crucial to the progression of chronic kidney disease. Beyond its pathogenic functions, the immune system supports immunological homeostasis in healthy kidneys. The kidneys help maintain immune equilibrium by removing metabolic waste products and toxins, thereby limiting local and systemic inflammation. In this review, we describe the close relationship between the immune system and the kidneys. We discuss how the imbalance in the immune response can be deleterious to the kidneys and how immunomodulation can be important in preventing end-stage renal disease. In addition, recent tools such as in silico platforms and kidney organoids can help unveil the relationship between immune cells and kidney homeostasis.Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Immunology, Volume 42 is April 2024. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

中文翻译：

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肾脏疾病免疫学

免疫系统与肾脏密切相关。免疫成分介导急性肾脏疾病，并且对于慢性肾脏疾病的进展至关重要。除了其致病功能外，免疫系统还支持健康肾脏的免疫稳态。肾脏通过清除代谢废物和毒素来帮助维持免疫平衡，从而限制局部和全身炎症。在这篇综述中，我们描述了免疫系统和肾脏之间的密切关系。我们讨论免疫反应的不平衡如何对肾脏有害，以及免疫调节如何在预防终末期肾病方面发挥重要作用。此外，计算机平台和肾脏类器官等最新工具可以帮助揭示免疫细胞与肾脏稳态之间的关系。《免疫学年度评论》第 42 卷的预计最终在线出版日期为 2024 年 4 月。请参见 http://www .annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates 了解修订后的估计。