Attempts to geochemically distinguish between metamorphic-hydrothermal systems that form orogenic gold deposits and both reduced and oxidized magmatic-hydrothermal systems using isotopes or metal associations have proven ambiguous, particularly for orogenic gold and reduced intrusion-related gold systems. The absence of conclusive geochemical discriminators and the overlap in geologic characteristics have led to gold deposit models being potentially incorrectly applied, which in turn negatively affect regional mineral exploration and mine planning. In this study, in situ electron microprobe geochemical analyses of hydrothermal monazite and xenotime crystals associated with different types of gold-bearing deposits are shown to be effective geochemical discriminators. There are notable differences in mineral chemistry such as rare earth element (REE) profiles, total light REE, Dy, Er, Pr, Y, Nd/Sm, and La/Sm that distinguish monazite precipitated from metamorphic-hydrothermal fluids that form orogenic gold deposits and those precipitated from magmatic-hydrothermal fluids that form both porphyry Cu-Mo-Au and reduced intrusion-related gold deposits. Notable differences in overall xenotime abundances and concentrations of heavy REEs, Ca, and Sc are distinctive between the different deposit classes for xenotime. The origin of the controversially classified Pogo gold deposit, Tintina gold province, Alaska, which has been characterized as both a reduced intrusion-related and an orogenic gold deposit, is tested based upon the noted chemical differences associated with these hydrothermal phosphates. The findings of this study have implications for exploration and mine development in the Tintina gold province and other areas that contain deposits that are controversially classified as either orogenic or as magmatic-hydrothermal gold deposits.

使用同位素或金属组合物从地球化学角度区分形成造山金矿床的变质热液系统与还原和氧化岩浆热液系统的尝试已被证明是不明确的，特别是对于造山金和还原侵入相关的金系统。由于缺乏确凿的地球化学判别因素以及地质特征的重叠，导致金矿床模型可能被错误应用，进而对区域矿产勘探和矿山规划产生负面影响。在这项研究中，对与不同类型含金矿床相关的热液独居石和磷钇矿晶体进行的原位电子显微探针地球化学分析被证明是有效的地球化学鉴别器。矿物化学方面存在显着差异，例如稀土元素 (REE) 分布、总轻 REE、Dy、Er、Pr、Y、Nd/Sm 和 La/Sm，这些差异可区分从形成造山金的变质热液中沉淀的独居石矿床和从岩浆热液中沉淀出来的矿床，形成斑岩铜-钼-金矿床和减少的与侵入有关的金矿床。磷钇矿的不同矿床类别之间，重稀土元素、钙和钪的总丰度和浓度存在显着差异。有争议的分类阿拉斯加廷蒂纳金矿省 Pogo 金矿的起源，已被定性为减少侵入相关金矿和造山金矿，根据与这些热液磷酸盐相关的显着化学差异进行了测试。这项研究的结果对廷蒂纳金矿省和其他地区的勘探和矿山开发具有重要意义，这些地区的矿床被争议地归类为造山带或岩浆热液金矿床。