Understanding how dietary polysaccharides affect mucin O-glycosylation and gut microbiota could provide various nutrition-based treatments. Here, the O-glycan profile of the colonic mucosa and gut microbiome were investigated in C57BL/6J mice fed six structurally diverse dietary polysaccharides and a mixture of six fibers. Dietary polysaccharides increased total O-glycans, mainly by stimulating neutral glycans. Highly branched arabinogalactan promoted terminally fucosylated core 1 O-glycans; whereas linear polysaccharides, including pectin, konjac glucomannan, inulin, and the fiber mixture, favored terminally di-fucosylated O-glycans. The last three polysaccharides also lowered the level of sulfated O-glycans and sialylated mono-fucosylated O-glycans. Varied monosaccharide composition in mixed polysaccharides had a synergistic beneficial effect, boosting fucosylated neutral glycans, decreasing acidic glycans, and stimulating microbial richness and diversity. Dietary polysaccharides containing arabinose and sulfate groups enhanced the relative abundances of Akkermansia and Muribaculaceae, respectively. The present comparison reveals the relationship between dietary polysaccharide structure, mucin O-glycan composition, and intestinal microorganisms.

了解膳食多糖如何影响粘蛋白O-糖基化和肠道微生物群可以提供各种基于营养的治疗。在这里，我们对喂食六种结构不同的膳食多糖和六种纤维混合物的 C57BL/6J 小鼠的结肠粘膜和肠道微生物组的O-聚糖谱进行了研究。膳食多糖主要通过刺激中性聚糖来增加总O-聚糖。高度支化的阿拉伯半乳聚糖促进末端岩藻糖基化核心 1 O -聚糖；而线性多糖，包括果胶、魔芋葡甘聚糖、菊粉和纤维混合物，则有利于末端二岩藻糖基化的O-聚糖。最后三种多糖还降低了硫酸化O-聚糖和唾液酸化单岩藻糖基化O-聚糖的水平。混合多糖中不同的单糖组成具有协同有益作用，增加岩藻糖基化中性聚糖，减少酸性聚糖，并刺激微生物丰富度和多样性。含有阿拉伯糖和硫酸基团的膳食多糖分别提高了Akkermansia和Muribaculaceae的相对丰度。目前的比较揭示了膳食多糖结构、粘蛋白O-聚糖组成和肠道微生物之间的关系。