The paper examines the syntax of two unaccusative verbs in Polish – ubyć. perf/ubywać.imperf ‘to disappear, to decrease’ and przybyć. perf/przybywać.imperf ‘to arrive, to increase’ – with a view to shedding light on the structure of existential unaccusatives. The two above-mentioned verbs appear in two distinct paradigms – the disappearance/motion verb and the existential one – both of which are taken to represent subtypes of existential structure. Existential verbs are treated here as monadic predicates with a single small clause complement, whose internal structure may vary, depending on the predicate. The two existential unaccusatives analysed in the paper may select two different types of small clause complement, which are different from the small clause selected by the existential być ‘to be’. Thus, Polish seems to make use of three different small clause structures in existential clauses. The paper also provides evidence that in Polish, like in English, existential unaccusatives are structurally distinct from change of state unaccusatives, and thus in the two languages there is more than one way to be structurally unaccusative. The account bears on the analysis of the genitive of negation in Polish, especially the issue of its inapplicability to existential unaccusatives versus its presence with the existential być ‘to be’.

中文翻译：

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波兰语中两个存在非宾格动词的语法

本文研究了波兰语中两个非宾格动词的语法——乌比奇。 性能/乌比瓦奇。不完善“消失、减少”和普日比奇。 性能/普日比瓦奇。不完善“到达，增加”——旨在揭示存在主义非宾格的结构。上述两个动词出现在两种不同的范式中——消失/运动动词和存在动词——两者都被用来代表存在结构的子类型。存在动词在这里被视为具有单个小从句补语的单子谓词，其内部结构可能会有所不同，具体取决于谓词。文中分析的两种存在主义非宾格可能会选择两种不同类型的小从句补足语，它们与存在主义所选择的小从句不同。比奇'成为'。因此，波兰语似乎在存在性从句中使用了三种不同的小从句结构。该论文还提供了证据，表明在波兰语中，就像在英语中一样，存在性非宾格在结构上与状态变化非宾格不同，因此在这两种语言中，存在不止一种结构上非宾格的方式。该说明涉及波兰语否定所有格的分析，特别是其不适用于存在主义非宾格与存在主义存在的问题比奇'成为'。