Certain respiratory fungal pathogen mono-infections can cause high mortality rates. Several viral pathogen mono-infections, including influenza viruses and coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2, can also cause high mortality rates. Concurrent infections by fungal pathogens and highly manipulative viral pathogens can synergistically interact in the respiratory tract to substantially increase their mortality rates. There are at least five viral manipulations which can assist secondary fungal infections. These viral manipulations include the following: (1) inhibiting transcription factors and cytokine expressions, (2) impairing defensive protein expressions, (3) inhibiting defenses by manipulating cellular sensors and signaling pathways, (4) inhibiting defenses by secreting exosomes, and (5) stimulating glucocorticoid synthesis to suppress immune defenses by inhibiting cytokine, chemokine, and adhesion molecule production. The highest mortality respiratory viral pandemics up to now have had substantially boosted mortalities by inducing secondary bacterial pneumonias. However, numerous animal species besides humans are also carriers of endemic infections by viral and multidrug-resistant fungal pathogens. The vast multi-species scope of endemic infection opportunities make it plausible that the pro-fungal manipulations of a respiratory virus can someday evolve to enable a very high mortality rate viral pandemic inducing multidrug-resistant secondary fungal pathogen infections. Since such pandemics can quickly spread world-wide and outrun existing treatments, it would be worthwhile to develop new antifungal treatments well before such a high mortality event occurs.

某些呼吸道真菌病原体单一感染可导致高死亡率。几种病毒病原体单一感染，包括流感病毒和冠状病毒（包括 SARS-CoV-2），也可能导致高死亡率。真菌病原体和高度操纵性病毒病原体的并发感染可以在呼吸道中协同相互作用，从而大大增加其死亡率。至少有五种病毒操作可以帮助继发真菌感染。这些病毒操作包括以下内容：（1）抑制转录因子和细胞因子表达，（2）损害防御蛋白表达，（3）通过操纵细胞传感器和信号通路抑制防御，（4）通过分泌外泌体抑制防御，以及（5） ）刺激糖皮质激素合成，通过抑制细胞因子、趋化因子和粘附分子的产生来抑制免疫防御。迄今为止死亡率最高的呼吸道病毒大流行通过诱发继发性细菌性肺炎而大大提高了死亡率。然而，除人类外，许多动物物种也是病毒和多重耐药真菌病原体地方性感染的携带者。地方性感染机会的广泛的多物种范围使得呼吸道病毒的亲真菌操作有朝一日可能进化成死亡率非常高的病毒大流行，从而诱导多重耐药的继发真菌病原体感染。由于此类流行病可以迅速在世界范围内传播并超出现有治疗方法，因此值得在如此高死亡率事件发生之前开发新的抗真菌治疗方法。