Electron flying qubits are envisioned as potential information links within a quantum computer, but also promise—like photonic approaches—to serve as self-standing quantum processing units. In contrast to their photonic counterparts, electron-quantum-optics implementations are subject to Coulomb interactions, which provide a direct route to entangle the orbital or spin degree of freedom. However, controlled interaction of flying electrons at the single-particle level has not yet been established experimentally. Here we report antibunching of a pair of single electrons that is synchronously shuttled through a circuit of coupled quantum rails by means of a surface acoustic wave. The in-flight partitioning process exhibits a reciprocal gating effect which allows us to ascribe the observed repulsion predominantly to Coulomb interaction. Our single-shot experiment marks an important milestone on the route to realize a controlled-phase gate for in-flight quantum manipulations.

电子飞行量子位被设想为量子计算机内的潜在信息链接，但也有望像光子方法一样充当独立的量子处理单元。与光子对应物相比，电子-量子-光学实现受到库仑相互作用的影响，这提供了纠缠轨道或自旋自由度的直接途径。然而，单粒子水平上飞行电子的受控相互作用尚未通过实验建立。在这里，我们报告了一对单电子的反聚束，该电子通过表面声波同步穿梭通过耦合量子轨道的电路。飞行中的分配过程表现出相互的门控效应，这使我们能够将观察到的排斥主要归因于库仑相互作用。我们的单次实验标志着实现飞行中量子操纵的受控相位门的道路上的一个重要里程碑。