There are several meta-analyses of treatment effects for children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The conclusions of these meta-analyses vary considerably. Our aim was to synthesize the latest evidence of the effectiveness of psychological, pharmacological treatment options and their combination in a systematic overview and meta-meta-analyses. A systematic literature search until July 2022 to identify meta-analyses investigating effects of treatments for children and adolescents with ADHD and ADHD symptom severity as primary outcome (parent and teacher rated) yielded 16 meta-analyses for quantitative analyses. Meta-meta-analyses of pre-post data showed significant effects for pharmacological treatment options for parent (SMD = 0.67, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.74) and teacher ADHD symptom ratings (SMD = 0.68, 95% CI 0.54 to 0.82) as well as for psychological interventions for parent (SMD = 0.42, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.51) and teacher rated symptoms (SMD = 0.25, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.38). We were unable to calculate effect sizes for combined treatments due to the lack of meta-analyses. Our analyses revealed that there is a lack of research on combined treatments and for therapy options for adolescents. Finally, future research efforts should adhere to scientific standards as this allows comparison of effects across meta-analyses.

对于患有注意力缺陷多动障碍 (ADHD) 的儿童和青少年的治疗效果有多项荟萃分析。这些荟萃分析的结论差异很大。我们的目的是通过系统概述和荟萃分析来综合心理、药物治疗方案及其组合有效性的最新证据。截至 2022 年 7 月，系统性文献检索旨在确定以 ADHD 儿童和青少年治疗效果以及 ADHD 症状严重程度为主要结果（家长和教师评分）的荟萃分析，得出 16 项荟萃分析用于定量分析。前后数据的荟萃分析显示，药物治疗选择对父母（SMD = 0.67，95% CI 0.60 至 0.74）和教师 ADHD 症状评分（SMD = 0.68，95% CI 0.54 至 0.82）也有显着影响。至于对家长（SMD = 0.42，95% CI 0.33至0.51）和教师评定症状（SMD = 0.25，95% CI 0.12至0.38）的心理干预。由于缺乏荟萃分析，我们无法计算联合治疗的效果大小。我们的分析表明，缺乏针对青少年的联合治疗和治疗选择的研究。最后，未来的研究工作应遵循科学标准，因为这样可以比较荟萃分析的效果。