This study investigates the production of vowel reduction among Jordanian–Arabic speakers of English. Two groups of speakers, intermediate and advanced, and a control group of English native speakers were asked to read a story. The phonetic properties of reduced vowels, namely duration, intensity, F0, F1, and F2 were measured and compared as produced by the three groups. Results show that there were considerable differences in duration as the reduced vowels produced by the Arabic speakers exhibited longer duration values than those produced by the native speakers. Slight differences were attested between the two proficiency groups. Also, it was found that lower F0, but not intensity, was used by all groups to signal lack of stress. Results revealed that advanced Arabic speakers of English failed to produce English schwa in a native-like manner both in terms of quantity and quality.

中文翻译：

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说英语的约旦-阿拉伯语母语者减少元音的产生：一项声学研究

本研究调查了说英语的约旦-阿拉伯语使用者中元音缩减的产生。要求两组说话者（中级和高级）和一组英语母语者阅读一个故事。减少元音的语音特性，即持续时间、强度、F0、F1 和 F2 被测量并与三组所产生的进行了比较。结果表明，持续时间存在相当大的差异，因为阿拉伯语使用者产生的减少元音表现出比母语人士产生的持续时间更长的值。两个熟练程度组之间存在细微差异。此外，还发现所有组都使用较低的 F0，而不是强度来表示压力不足。