This article discusses phonological generalisations concerning Podhale Goralian, a dialect of Polish spoken in southern Lesser Poland. It is argued that Podhale Goralian has a process called Final Tensing, which changes ɔ → o before word-final voiced consonants and glides. Final Tensing interacts with other rules of the dialect, leading to both major types of opacity: underapplication and overapplication. The descriptive generalisations are first stated in terms of rules and then reanalysed in terms of OT constraints. Even though both frameworks deliver the correct results, it is argued that the OT-based analysis is by a small margin superior to the rule-based analysis. Furthermore, the sources of the opacity exhibited by the discussed processes are classified according to Baković’s (2007, 2011) revised typology of opacity. I am particularly grateful to Jerzy Rubach for his discussion, guidance and support. I would also like to thank Jakub Dunin-Borkowski and Grzegorz Lara, who read an earlier version of this paper and provided inspiring feedback. My gratitude goes also to the three PSiCL referees for their helpful criticism, which led to considerable improvement of both the content and the presentation of my analysis. Last but not least, I have a special debt of gratitude to my native speaker consultants for their help and patience: Józef Bąk, Andrzej Kamiński, Stanisław Kamiński, Józef Kula, Anna Łuszczek, Małgorzata Łuszczek, Wojciech Łuszczek, Dorota Pająk, Martyna Pająk, Tomasz Płaza, Leszek Stasiwolak, Katarzyna Szwajnos, Maria Szwajnos, Monika Szwajnos and Andrzej Zarycki. Needless to say, the responsibility for this article is solely mine.

中文翻译：

---

Podhale Goralian 中的最终张力和不透明度

本文讨论了关于 Podhale Goralian 的语音概括，这是一种在小波兰南部使用的波兰方言。有人认为 Podhale Goralian 有一个称为最终张力的过程，它改变了ɔ → o在词尾浊辅音和滑音之前。Final Tensing 与方言的其他规则相互作用，导致两种主要类型的不透明：应用不足和应用过度。描述性概括首先根据规则陈述，然后根据 OT 约束重新分析。尽管这两个框架都提供了正确的结果，但有人认为基于 OT 的分析略优于基于规则的分析。此外，根据 Baković（2007 年、2011 年）修订的不透明度类型学，对所讨论过程所显示的不透明度来源进行了分类。我特别感谢 Jerzy Rubach 的讨论、指导和支持。我还要感谢 Jakub Dunin-Borkowski 和 Grzegorz Lara，他们阅读了本文的早期版本并提供了鼓舞人心的反馈。我也感谢三位PSiCL感谢审稿人的有益批评，这使我的分析的内容和表达方式有了很大的改进。最后但同样重要的是，我要特别感谢我的母语顾问，感谢他们的帮助和耐心： Tomasz Płaza、Leszek Stasiwolak、Katarzyna Szwajnos、Maria Szwajnos、Monika Szwajnos 和 Andrzej Zarycki。不用说，这篇文章的责任完全是我的。