The effects of early drain removal (EDR) on postoperative complications after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) remains to be investigated. This single-center retrospective cohort study was designed to explore the safety of EDR after PD.

A total of 112 patients undergoing PD with drain fluid amylase (DFA) on postoperative day (POD) 1 and 3 <= 5000 were divided into EDR and late drain removal (LDR). Propensity Score Matching (PSM) was used. We compared postoperative outcomes between two groups and explore the risk factors of total complications using univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses.

No statistical differences were found in primary outcomes, including Grade B/C postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) (Original cohort: 5.71% vs. 3.90%; P = 1.000; PSM cohort: 3.33% vs. 6.67%; P = 1.000), and total complications (Original cohort: 17.14% vs. 32.47%; P = 0.093; PSM cohort: 13.33% vs. 33.33%; P = 0.067). The EDR was associated with shorter in-hospital stay (Original cohort: 11 days vs. 15 days; P < 0.0001; PSM cohort: 11 days vs. 15 days; P < 0.0001).

EDR on POD 3 is safe for patients undergoing PD with low risk of POPF.

早期引流管切除术（EDR）对胰十二指肠切除术（PD）术后并发症的影响仍有待研究。这项单中心回顾性队列研究旨在探讨 PD 后 EDR 的安全性。

共有 112 名在术后第 1 天和第 3 天使用引流液淀粉酶 (DFA) 接受 PD 的患者 <= 5000，分为 EDR 和晚期引流移除 (LDR)。使用倾向得分匹配（PSM）。我们比较了两组的术后结果，并使用单变量和多因素逻辑回归分析探讨了总并发症的危险因素。

主要结局未发现统计学差异，包括 B/C 级术后胰瘘 (POPF)（原始队列：5.71% 对 3.90%；P = 1.000；PSM 队列：3.33% 对 6.67%；P = 1.000），和总并发症（原始队列：17.14% 对 32.47%；P = 0.093；PSM 队列：13.33% 对 33.33%；P = 0.067）。EDR 与较短的住院时间相关（原始队列：11 天 vs. 15 天；P < 0.0001；PSM 队列：11 天 vs. 15 天；P < 0.0001）。

POD 3 上的 EDR 对于接受 PD 且 POPF 风险低的患者是安全的。