This study aimed to investigate a multimodal modulation scheme that takes into account the wide range of output characteristics, numerous constraints, and complex working conditions in the wireless charging of electric vehicles. Key electrical parameters and variables in the secondary stages of electric vehicle wireless power transfer (EV-WPT) systems were evaluated based on capacitive, inductive, and resistive impedance working modes. The limiting duty cycle values, D, of the rectifier were derived by detecting the mutual inductance, M. This multimodal modulation was adopted, based on the secondary equivalent impedance phase, to control the impedance working condition and, hence, achieve optimal working performance. The proposed method can modulate the system performance before and during wireless transmission. The proposed control scheme was verified using a 10kW EV-WPT experimental prototype under a capacitive impedance working mode with 8.5kW power output. Our proposed method achieved full power output by modulating the impedance working conditions.

中文翻译：

---

一种基于二次阻抗的电动汽车无线电力传输系统多模态调制方案

本研究旨在研究一种多模式调制方案，该方案考虑到电动汽车无线充电中的广泛输出特性、众多约束和复杂的工作条件。基于电容、电感和电阻阻抗工作模式，评估了电动汽车无线电力传输 (EV-WPT) 系统次级阶段的关键电气参数和变量。整流器的限制占空比值D是通过检测互感M得出的. 采用这种基于二次等效阻抗相位的多模态调制来控制阻抗工作条件，从而实现最佳工作性能。所提出的方法可以在无线传输之前和期间调制系统性能。所提出的控制方案使用10kW EV-WPT实验样机在容抗工作模式下进行验证，输出功率为8.5kW。我们提出的方法通过调制阻抗工作条件来实现全功率输出。