The doping or the alteration of crystals with guest species to obtain desired properties has long been a research frontier in materials science. However, the closely packed lattice structure in many crystals has limited the applicability of this strategy. The advent of 2D layered materials has led to revitalized interest in utilizing this approach through two important strategies, gating and intercalation, offering reversible modulation of the properties of the host material without breaking chemical bonds. In addition, these dynamically tunable techniques have enabled the synthesis of new hybrid materials. Here, we review how interactions between guest species and host 2D materials can tune the physics and chemistry of materials and discuss their remarkable potential for creating artificial materials and architectures beyond the reach of conventional methods.

长期以来，用客体掺杂或改变晶体以获得所需的性能一直是材料科学的研究前沿。然而，许多晶体中紧密堆积的晶格结构限制了该策略的适用性。二维层状材料的出现重新激发了人们对通过门控和插层这两种重要策略利用这种方法的兴趣，在不破坏化学键的情况下提供对主体材料性质的可逆调节。此外，这些动态可调技术使合成新的混合材料成为可能。这里，