The direct application of heavy metal- and quaternary ammonium-based antibacterial agents can cause inconvenience such as irritation, short-term applicability, discoloration of the tissue, and environmental concerns. The immobilization of these agents on montmorillonite (Mnt) was expected to diminish these effects by hindering direct contact of the ions with the target tissues. The objective of the present study was, therefore, to prepare inorgano(I)- and organo(O)-montmorillonites (I/O-Mnt) and to determine their potential uses in such biomedical applications. Na-montmorillonite (Mnt-Na) was modified by hydrothermal and microwave irradiation methods using Cu²⁺/Zn²⁺, and quaternary ammonium and/or anionic surfactants. The effect of the structures formed by immobilization on Mnt surfaces on antibacterial activity was investigated. Quaternary ammonium surfactants were cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) with a linear alkyl chain, cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) with a single aromatic ring, and benzethonium chloride (BZT) with double aromatic rings. N-lauroyl sarcosinate (SR) was the anionic surfactant. The samples were subjected to thermogravimetric (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. Desorption tests showed that the antibacterial efficacy against Streptococcus mutans stemmed from I/O-Mnt and not from the ions released from the material surfaces to the aqueous phase. The results of the antibacterial studies showed that the existence of a linear alkyl chain and a double aromatic ring were the structural factors causing the greatest antibacterial effect. The time-kill tests revealed that Mnt-CTA, Mnt-BZT, and Mnt-CP-SR were effective against Streptococcus mutans within 5 min of contact. With the new findings, they were identified as possible selective and potent bactericidal agents and promising candidates for biomedical applications.

重金属和季铵基抗菌剂的直接应用会导致不便，例如刺激性、短期适用性、组织变色和环境问题。预计将这些试剂固定在蒙脱石 (Mnt) 上会通过阻碍离子与靶组织的直接接触来减少这些影响。因此，本研究的目的是制备无机 (I)-和有机 (O)-蒙脱石 (I/O-Mnt) 并确定它们在此类生物医学应用中的潜在用途。^{使用Cu 2+} /Zn ²⁺通过水热和微波辐照方法对Na-蒙脱石（Mnt-Na）进行改性，和季铵和/或阴离子表面活性剂。研究了通过固定在 Mnt 表面上形成的结构对抗菌活性的影响。季铵表面活性剂是具有直链烷基链的十六烷基三甲基溴化铵 (CTAB)、具有单芳环的氯化十六烷基吡啶 (CPC) 和具有双芳环的苄索氯铵 (BZT)。N-月桂酰肌氨酸（SR）是阴离子表面活性剂。对样品进行热重 (TGA) 和扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 分析。解吸试验表明对变形链球菌有抗菌作用源于 I/O-Mnt 而不是从材料表面释放到水相的离子。抗菌研究结果表明，直链烷基链和双芳香环的存在是导致抗菌效果最大的结构因素。时间杀伤测试表明，Mnt-CTA、Mnt-BZT 和 Mnt-CP-SR在接触后 5 分钟内对变形链球菌有效。有了这些新发现，它们被确定为可能的选择性和强效杀菌剂，以及生物医学应用的有希望的候选者。