To understand the morphological evolution, deformation characteristics, and mechanism of high slope dump landslides under compound loads, a physical model test of the Nanfen waste dump was carried out. Based on the similarity principle and direct shear tests, similar materials were used to simulate the geological material of the dump and a similar shape of the underlying layer of the dump was constructed. Distributed optical fibers and thermometers were placed within the model to monitor the strain and temperature of the waste dump. An ice-snow layer was laid inside the model to study the influence of the thawing on the deformation of the dump. During the test, a combined load of 0–75 kg graded external loads, self-weight, and thawing of the ice-snow layer was applied. The overall failure evolution process of the model dump was obtained, which included settlement, local collapse, clastic flows, and landslides. The strain characteristics and temperature field distribution of the model dump were measured using optical fiber monitoring. Failure of the model dump was mainly due to the thawing of the ice-snow layer, uneven settlement, dumping style, particle gradation, self-weight, and external loads. The failure characteristics and mechanism of landslides in the physical model test were consistent with those of an on-site dump.

为了解复合荷载作用下高坡堆场滑坡的形态演化、变形特征及机理，开展了南芬垃圾场物理模型试验。基于相似性原理和直剪试验，采用相似材料模拟堆场地质材料，构建了堆场下伏层形状相似的堆场。分布式光纤和温度计被放置在模型内，以监测垃圾场的应变和温度。模型内部铺设冰雪层，研究解冻对堆场变形的影响。在试验过程中，施加了0-75公斤的分级外部载荷、自重和冰雪层融化的组合载荷。得到了模型转储的整体失效演化过程，其中包括沉降、局部坍塌、碎屑流和滑坡。模型转储的应变特性和温度场分布采用光纤监测进行测量。模型倾倒的失效主要是由于冰雪层融化、不均匀沉降、倾倒方式、颗粒级配、自重和外荷载等因素造成的。物理模型试验中滑坡的破坏特征和机理与现场倾倒场一致。