In materials chemistry, green chemistry has established firm ground providing essential design criteria to develop advanced tools for efficient functionalization and modification of materials. Particularly, the combination of multicomponent reactions in water and aqueous media with materials chemistry unlocks a new sustainable way for constructing multi-functionalized structures with unique features, playing significant roles in the plethora of applications. Multicomponent reactions have received significant consideration from the community of material chemistry because of their great efficiency, simple operations, intrinsic molecular diversity, and an atom and a pot economy. Also, by rational design of multicomponent reactions in water and aqueous media, the performance of some multicomponent reactions could be enhanced by the contributing “natural” form of water-soluble materials, the exclusive solvating features of water, and simple separating and recovering materials. To date, there is no exclusive review to report the sustainable functionalization and modification of materials in water. This critical review highlights the utility of various kinds of multicomponent reactions in water and aqueous media as green methods for functionalization and modification of siliceous, magnetic, and carbonaceous materials, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, peptides, proteins, and synthetic polymers. The detailed discussion of synthetic procedures, properties, and related applicability of each functionalized/modified material is fully deliberated in this review.

在材料化学中，绿色化学已经奠定了坚实的基础，为开发用于材料高效功能化和改性的先进工具提供了必要的设计标准。特别是，水和水介质中的多组分反应与材料化学的结合为构建具有独特功能的多功能结构开辟了一种新的可持续方式，在众多应用中发挥着重要作用。多组分反应因其高效率、简单的操作、内在的分子多样性以及原子和罐的经济性而受到材料化学界的广泛关注。此外，通过合理设计水和水介质中的多组分反应，一些多组分反应的性能可以通过水溶性材料的贡献“天然”形式、水的独特溶剂化特性以及简单的分离和回收材料来增强。迄今为止，还没有独家评论报告水中材料的可持续功能化和改性。这篇批判性综述强调了在水和水介质中各种多组分反应作为硅质、磁性和碳质材料、寡糖、多糖、肽、蛋白质和合成聚合物的功能化和改性的绿色方法的效用。本综述充分讨论了每种功能化/改性材料的合成程序、特性和相关适用性的详细讨论。水的独有溶剂化特性，以及简单的分离和回收材料。迄今为止，还没有独家评论报告水中材料的可持续功能化和改性。这篇批判性综述强调了在水和水介质中各种多组分反应作为硅质、磁性和碳质材料、寡糖、多糖、肽、蛋白质和合成聚合物的功能化和改性的绿色方法的效用。本综述充分讨论了每种功能化/改性材料的合成程序、特性和相关适用性的详细讨论。水的独有溶剂化特性，以及简单的分离和回收材料。迄今为止，还没有独家评论报告水中材料的可持续功能化和改性。这篇批判性综述强调了在水和水介质中各种多组分反应作为硅质、磁性和碳质材料、寡糖、多糖、肽、蛋白质和合成聚合物的功能化和改性的绿色方法的效用。本综述充分讨论了每种功能化/改性材料的合成程序、特性和相关适用性的详细讨论。没有独家评论报告水中材料的可持续功能化和改性。这篇批判性综述强调了在水和水介质中各种多组分反应作为硅质、磁性和碳质材料、寡糖、多糖、肽、蛋白质和合成聚合物的功能化和改性的绿色方法的效用。本综述充分讨论了每种功能化/改性材料的合成程序、特性和相关适用性的详细讨论。没有独家评论报告水中材料的可持续功能化和改性。这篇批判性综述强调了在水和水介质中各种多组分反应作为硅质、磁性和碳质材料、寡糖、多糖、肽、蛋白质和合成聚合物的功能化和改性的绿色方法的效用。本综述充分讨论了每种功能化/改性材料的合成程序、特性和相关适用性的详细讨论。多糖、肽、蛋白质和合成聚合物。本综述充分讨论了每种功能化/改性材料的合成程序、特性和相关适用性的详细讨论。多糖、肽、蛋白质和合成聚合物。本综述充分讨论了每种功能化/改性材料的合成程序、特性和相关适用性的详细讨论。