Summary

Osteoporosis or decreased bone mineral density (BMD) is the most important risk factor for fractures, especially in older postmenopausal women (PMW). However, the interactions between exercise training and bone mineral density are not completely understood. We evaluated the effects of physical exercise on BMD in women aged ≥ 60 years postmenopausal.

Purpose

This systematic review and meta-analysis sets out to determine the effects of physical exercise on BMD in older postmenopausal women.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted in Medline, Science Direct, Cochrane, PubMed, CINAHL, Google Scholar, Scopus, and ProQuest up to December 25, 2021. Fifty-three studies, which assessed a total of 2896 participants (mean age: between 60 and 82 years), were included and analyzed using a random-effects model to estimate weighted mean differences (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results

The meta-analysis found that exercise training significantly (p < 0.05) increased femoral neck (WMD: 0.01 g/cm²; 95% CI, 0.00 to 0.01], p = 0.0005; I² = 57%; p < 0.0001), lumbar spine (WMD: 0.01 g/cm², 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.02], I² = 81%; p = 0.0001), and trochanter (WMD: 0.01 g/cm², 95% CI 0.00, 0.02]; p = 0.009; I² = 17%; p = 0.23). There were no significant differences between the intervention and control groups for total body and total hip BMD.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that exercise training may improve bone mineral density in older PMW. This improvement is mediated by increases in the femoral neck, lumbar spine, and trochanter BMD. Further long-term studies are required to confirm these findings.

中文翻译：

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体育锻炼对老年绝经后妇女骨密度的影响：随机对照试验的系统评价和荟萃分析

概括

骨质疏松症或骨矿物质密度 (BMD) 降低是骨折的最重要危险因素，尤其是在老年绝经后妇女 (PMW) 中。然而，运动训练与骨矿物质密度之间的相互作用尚不完全清楚。我们评估了体育锻炼对绝经后 ≥ 60 岁女性 BMD 的影响。

目的

本系统回顾和荟萃分析旨在确定体育锻炼对老年绝经后妇女 BMD 的影响。

方法

截至 2021 年 12 月 25 日，我们在 Medline、Science Direct、Cochrane、PubMed、CINAHL、Google Scholar、Scopus 和 ProQuest 中进行了系统搜索。共评估了 53 项研究，共评估了 2896 名参与者（平均年龄：60 至 60 岁） 82 岁)，被纳入并使用随机效应模型进行分析，以估计加权平均差 (WMD) 和 95% 置信区间 (CI)。

结果

荟萃分析发现运动训练显着 ( p  < 0.05) 增加股骨颈 (WMD: 0.01 g/cm ² ; 95% CI, 0.00 to 0.01], p  = 0.0005; I ²  = 57%; p  < 0.0001),腰椎（WMD：0.01 g/cm ^2，95 % CI，0.01 至 0.02]，I ²  = 81%；p = 0.0001 ^） 和转子（WMD：0.01 g/cm 2，95% CI 0.00，0.02]；p  = 0.009；I ²  = 17%；p  = 0.23）。全身和全髋骨密度的干预组和对照组之间没有显着差异。

结论

我们的研究结果表明，运动训练可以改善老年 PMW 的骨密度。这种改善是由股骨颈、腰椎和转子 BMD 的增加介导的。需要进一步的长期研究来证实这些发现。