Despite a well-developed structural framework, orogenic gold deposits from the Malartic-Val-d’Or Camp (MVC) report ages that span nearly 345 million years (~ 2705–2360 Ma), significantly post-dating the tectono-metamorphic history of the Abitibi-Wawa Orogeny, and are in conflict with the structural setting along the retrograde path of the orogenic cycle. Gold in the MVC is commonly associated with three events that form pre- and syn-/late-regional penetrative fabric (S2), developed during major N-S shortening (D2, ~ 2669–2643 Ma): (1) pre-D2 quartz-carbonate veins; (2) deformed quartz-carbonate stockworks, entrained in S2; (3) laminated brittle-ductile quartz-tourmaline-carbonate reverse-shear and tension veins, sub-parallel to S2, which contain the bulk of the gold. Here, we present in situ U–Pb geochronological and rare earth element (REE) data from 85 xenotime grains, hosted by quartz-carbonate veins (Kiena S50) and quartz-tourmaline-carbonate veins (Goldex, Triangle, Plug #4, Beaufor, Pascalis Gold Trend, and Akasaba West). Xenotime in textural equilibrium with Au-hosting pyrite of pre-D2 veins yields a subtle negative Eu anomaly and elevated medium-REE contents, and records an auriferous hydrothermal event at 2686 ± 15 Ma (n = 19; 11 grains; MSWD = 2.8), consistent with cross-cutting relationships with dated intrusions. Late-D2 veins record two subsequent hydrothermal events, based on texture and chemistry of xenotime. Xenotime in textural equilibrium with gold-bearing pyrite contains elevated medium-REE values (Nd>1000 ppm; Sm>2490 ppm) and constrains the timing of vein emplacement to 2643 ± 3 Ma (n = 92; 44 grains; MSWD = 1.2), dating the main phase of quartz-tourmaline-carbonate vein formation and major gold precipitation. Xenotime in textural disequilibrium with auriferous sulfides, located at dissolved sulfide grain boundaries and in sulfide fractures, contains lower medium-REE values (Nd<1000 ppm; Sm<2490 ppm), and yields an age of 2607 ± 5 Ma (n = 63; 30 grains; MSWD = 1.9), indicating a second period of gold mineralization. Our data imply that district-scale gold mineralization in the MVC formed during at least two short-lived hydrothermal periods with the bulk of orogenic gold introduced along the retrograde path of the orogenic cycle, ~25–30 million years post-peak metamorphism.

尽管结构框架发达，但来自 Malartic-Val-d'Or Camp (MVC) 的造山带金矿床报告的年龄跨越了近 3.45 亿年（~ 2705-2360 Ma），明显晚于Abitibi-Wawa 造山带，并且与沿造山旋回逆行路径的构造环境相冲突。MVC 中的金通常与形成前和同/晚区域穿透织物 (S2) 的三个事件有关，这些事件是在主要 NS 缩短 (D2, ~ 2669–2643 Ma) 期间形成的：(1) pre-D2 石英-碳酸盐脉; (2) 在 S2 中夹带的变形石英碳酸盐材料；(3) 层状脆性-韧性石英-电气石-碳酸盐反剪切和张力脉，亚平行于S2，含有大量金。这里，我们提供了来自 85 个磷钇矿颗粒的原位 U-Pb 年代学和稀土元素 (REE) 数据，由石英-碳酸盐脉 (Kiena S50) 和石英-电气石-碳酸盐脉 (Goldex, Triangle, Plug #4, Beaufor, Pascalis) Gold Trend 和 Akasaba West）。与 pre-D2 矿脉的含金黄铁矿结构平衡的 Xenotime 产生了一个微妙的负 Eu 异常和升高的中等 REE 含量，并记录了 2686 ± 15 Ma 的含金热液事件（n  = 19; 11粒；MSWD = 2.8），与过时入侵的横切关系一致。根据磷钇矿的质地和化学性质，D2 晚期的矿脉记录了随后的两次热液事件。与含金黄铁矿结构平衡的磷钇矿含有升高的中等 REE 值（Nd>1000 ppm；Sm>2490 ppm）并将矿脉侵位时间限制在 2643 ± 3 Ma（n  = 92；44 个晶粒；MSWD = 1.2） ，测年石英-电气石-碳酸盐脉形成的主要阶段和主要的金沉淀。磷钇矿与含金硫化物的结构不平衡，位于溶解的硫化物晶界和硫化物裂缝中，含有较低的中等稀土元素值（Nd<1000 ppm；Sm<2490 ppm），产生的年龄为 2607 ± 5 Ma ( n = 63; 30粒；MSWD = 1.9），表明金矿化的第二个时期。我们的数据表明，MVC 中的区域规模金矿化形成于至少两个短暂的热液期，大部分造山金沿着造山旋回的逆行路径引入，约 25-3000 万年的峰值变质作用。