Abstract

This paper presents the influence of the volume concentration (VC) and temperature on the viscosity and thermal conductivity (TC) of a graphene–Fe₃O₄/water hybrid nanofluid. The experiments were done for volume concentrations (VCs) of 0.1% to 0.5% at temperatures of 20°C to 60°C. The results show that the thermal conductivity ratio (TCR) increases with the VC and temperature. Moreover, the TCR grew more with the VC percent at higher temperatures. The maximum increase in the TC was 34% at a VC of 0.5% at 60°C. The viscosity got up with the VC and decreased with temperature growth. The maximum increase in the relative viscosity (RV) was 6% at a VC of 0.5% at 60°C. Therefore, the VC affects the viscosity and TC, and a new correlation was suggested according to experimental results with good accuracy.

中文翻译：

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浓度和温度对石墨烯-Fe3O4/水混合纳米流体粘度和导热系数的影响及新相关性的发展

摘要

本文介绍了体积浓度 (VC) 和温度对石墨烯-Fe ₃ O _{4的粘度和热导率 (TC) 的影响}/水混合纳米流体。在 20°C 至 60°C 的温度下，针对 0.1% 至 0.5% 的体积浓度 (VC) 进行了实验。结果表明，导热系数（TCR）随着VC和温度的增加而增加。此外，在较高温度下，TCR 随 VC 百分比的增加而增加。在 60°C 时 VC 为 0.5% 时，TC 的最大增加为 34%。粘度随 VC 上升而随温度升高而下降。在 60°C 时，相对粘度 (RV) 的最大增加为 6%，VC 为 0.5%。因此，VC影响粘度和TC，根据实验结果提出了一种新的相关性，具有良好的准确性。