Indigenous territories (ITs) are an integral component of global conservation strategies. We evaluate the range-wide overlap of ITs and the distribution of the jaguar (Panthera onca), a Neotropical apex predator with considerable cultural significance among Indigenous Peoples. We quantified overlap between protected areas (PAs) and ITs among: (1) jaguar range, (2) the species’ core habitats, known as Jaguar Conservation Units (JCUs), and (3) corridors connecting JCUs. We further evaluated deforestation rates between 2000 and 2020 among protected, unprotected, and indigenous portions of JCUs and corridors and compared jaguar density estimates among these land tenures. Our results indicate that ITs overlap 27.7% of jaguar range. South American JCUs and corridors, which comprise ~ 94% of jaguar distribution, experienced significantly less deforestation where ITs intersected PAs. We documented an unbalanced ratio of jaguar density estimates between indigenous and non-indigenous areas, highlighting the need for more representative sampling. Collaborative approaches for jaguar conservation, informed and guided by indigenous knowledge, can support more inclusive and effective monitoring that reduces dependence on external support.

土著领土（IT）是全球保护战略的一个组成部分。我们评估了 IT 范围内的重叠和美洲虎（ Panthera onca ）的分布，美洲豹是一种新热带顶级掠食者，在土著人民中具有相当大的文化意义。我们量化了保护区 (PA) 和 IT 之间的重叠：(1) 美洲虎分布范围，(2) 该物种的核心栖息地，称为美洲虎保护单位 (JCU)，以及 (3) 连接 JCU 的走廊。我们进一步评估了 2000 年至 2020 年间 JCU 和走廊的受保护、未受保护和土著部分的森林砍伐率，并比较了这些土地使用权中美洲虎密度的估计值。我们的结果表明，IT 与美洲虎的活动范围重叠 27.7%。南美 JCU 和走廊占美洲虎分布范围的 94%，在 IT 与 PA 相交处，森林砍伐明显减少。我们记录了土著和非土著地区之间美洲虎密度估计的不平衡比例，这突出表明需要更具代表性的抽样。在本土知识的指导和指导下，美洲豹保护的协作方法可以支持更具包容性和有效的监测，从而减少对外部支持的依赖。