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Overlooked jaguar guardians: Indigenous territories and range-wide conservation of a cultural icon

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Abstract

Indigenous territories (ITs) are an integral component of global conservation strategies. We evaluate the range-wide overlap of ITs and the distribution of the jaguar (Panthera onca), a Neotropical apex predator with considerable cultural significance among Indigenous Peoples. We quantified overlap between protected areas (PAs) and ITs among: (1) jaguar range, (2) the species’ core habitats, known as Jaguar Conservation Units (JCUs), and (3) corridors connecting JCUs. We further evaluated deforestation rates between 2000 and 2020 among protected, unprotected, and indigenous portions of JCUs and corridors and compared jaguar density estimates among these land tenures. Our results indicate that ITs overlap 27.7% of jaguar range. South American JCUs and corridors, which comprise ~ 94% of jaguar distribution, experienced significantly less deforestation where ITs intersected PAs. We documented an unbalanced ratio of jaguar density estimates between indigenous and non-indigenous areas, highlighting the need for more representative sampling. Collaborative approaches for jaguar conservation, informed and guided by indigenous knowledge, can support more inclusive and effective monitoring that reduces dependence on external support.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the many members of indigenous communities who provided inspiration for this study. These include the Cora in Nayarit, Mexico, Tikuna in Colombia, and Tacana communities in Bolivia. In southern Mexico, we experienced formative interactions with members of Chinantec, Zapotec, Zoque, and Amuzgo communities during field investigations of jaguars between 2007– present. We are also grateful for the institutions and NGOs that make geospatial data on ITs freely available. And we thank representatives – especially Milena Berrocal – of the IUCN Regional Offices for Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean for kindly sharing the IT map for Central America. Key support for our research was provided by the Programa de Estímulos al Desempeño a la Investigación (EDI) at Instituto Politécnico Nacional and the Nonprofit Program (NPO) of ESRI Colombia, Ecuador, and Panamá.

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  1. Laboratorio de Conservación Colombia, Crr. 81 N 48B-51, Medellín, Colombia

    Joe J. Figel & Sebastian Botero-Cañola

  2. Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional-Unidad Oaxaca, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Hornos 1003, Noche Buena, 71230, Santa Cruz Xoxocotlán, Oaxaca, México

    Mario C. Lavariega

  3. Instituto de Estudios Ambientales, Universidad de la Sierra Juárez, Av. Universidad s/n, 68725, Ixtlán de Juárez, Oaxaca, México

    María Delfina Luna-Krauletz

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Figel, J.J., Botero-Cañola, S., Lavariega, M.C. et al. Overlooked jaguar guardians: Indigenous territories and range-wide conservation of a cultural icon. Ambio 51, 2532–2543 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-022-01754-8

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