The hydrogen-rich reduction of ilmenite concentrates has a significant effect on the reduction of the carbon footprint of the titanium slag production process. This study investigates the hydrogen-rich reduction of Panzhihua ilmenite concentrate pellets. The pellets were roasted at 500, 700, 900, and 1100 °C and used as the raw material for the reduction process. The effects of the pellet roasting temperature, magnetite concentrate content of the pellets, reduction temperature, and reducing gas composition on the reduction process were experimentally studied. The results showed that the average reduction rate is affected by the phase and dense structure of the pellet, reduction temperature, and hydrogen content. Further, the reduction process can be accelerated by increasing the H₂ content and reduction temperature. The high compressive strength of the pellet, owing to its dense inner structure, is not conducive for the reduction process. Moreover, studies show that the H₂/CO ratio has negligible effects on the reduction mechanism. The reaction mechanism of the pellet reduction process is three-dimensional diffusion. Furthermore, the effect of the pellet phase on the hydrogen-rich reduction process has been discussed.

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中文翻译：

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攀枝花钛铁精矿球团富氢还原研究

钛铁精矿富氢还原对减少钛渣生产过程的碳足迹有显着影响。本研究探讨了攀枝花钛铁精矿球团的富氢还原。球团在 500、700、900 和 1100 °C 下烘烤，并用作还原过程的原料。实验研究了球团焙烧温度、球团磁铁精矿含量、还原温度和还原气体成分对还原过程的影响。结果表明，平均还原率受球团的相和致密结构、还原温度和氢含量的影响。此外，可以通过增加 H _{2来加速还原过程}含量和还原温度。球团的高抗压强度，由于其内部结构致密，不利于还原过程。此外，研究表明H ₂ /CO 比对还原机制的影响可以忽略不计。球团还原过程的反应机理是三维扩散。此外，还讨论了颗粒相对富氢还原过程的影响。

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