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Sustainable synthesis of acetals from glycerol as potential additives for biofuels under solvent-free conditions
Reaction Chemistry & Engineering ( IF 3.4 ) Pub Date : 2022-06-16 , DOI: 10.1039/d1re00557j Gabriel Abranches Dias Castro 1 , Ana Luíza Quintão Santos 1 , Ángel Gabriel Sathicq 2 , Valeria Palermo 2 , Gustavo Pablo Romanelli 2, 3 , Sergio Antonio Fernandes 1
Reaction Chemistry & Engineering ( IF 3.4 ) Pub Date : 2022-06-16 , DOI: 10.1039/d1re00557j Gabriel Abranches Dias Castro 1 , Ana Luíza Quintão Santos 1 , Ángel Gabriel Sathicq 2 , Valeria Palermo 2 , Gustavo Pablo Romanelli 2, 3 , Sergio Antonio Fernandes 1
Affiliation
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Acetals formed from glycerol find applications in several areas, their use as fuel additives being the most promising, since it results in total integration in the biodiesel chain and eliminates one of the obstacles to its production. In order to convert glycerol into acetals, the use of p-sulfonic acid calix[4]arene supported on silica (CX4SO3HSi(n)) and microwave-assisted heating was proposed, and quantitative analysis was performed by 1H NMR. The effects of the main reaction parameters were evaluated, such as temperature, reaction time and the amount of heterogeneous catalyst, using benzaldehyde and glycerol as model substrates. From the optimized conditions (0.5 mmol of glycerol, 0.5 mmol of benzaldehyde, 5 wt% of the catalyst CX4SO3HSi(n), at 110 °C in 20 min), the generality of the reaction was evaluated, obtaining twelve products with yields ranging from 6 to 99%. The important aspects of this protocol are the following: solvent-free reaction, water as the sole waste, being metal-free, and shorter reaction times.
中文翻译：
在无溶剂条件下从甘油中可持续合成缩醛作为生物燃料的潜在添加剂
由甘油形成的缩醛在多个领域都有应用，它们作为燃料添加剂的应用是最有希望的，因为它可以完全整合到生物柴油链中并消除其生产的障碍之一。为了将甘油转化为缩醛，提出了使用二氧化硅负载对磺酸杯[4]芳烃（CX4SO 3 HSi( n )）和微波辅助加热的方法，通过1核磁共振氢谱。以苯甲醛和甘油为模型底物，评价了温度、反应时间和多相催化剂用量等主要反应参数的影响。根据优化的条件（0.5 mmol 甘油、0.5 mmol 苯甲醛、5 wt% 催化剂 CX4SO 3 HSi( n )，110 ℃，20 min），评价反应的普遍性，得到 12 种产率的产物范围从 6% 到 99%。该协议的重要方面如下：无溶剂反应、水作为唯一废物、无金属和更短的反应时间。
更新日期：2022-06-16
中文翻译：
在无溶剂条件下从甘油中可持续合成缩醛作为生物燃料的潜在添加剂
由甘油形成的缩醛在多个领域都有应用，它们作为燃料添加剂的应用是最有希望的，因为它可以完全整合到生物柴油链中并消除其生产的障碍之一。为了将甘油转化为缩醛，提出了使用二氧化硅负载对磺酸杯[4]芳烃（CX4SO 3 HSi( n )）和微波辅助加热的方法，通过1核磁共振氢谱。以苯甲醛和甘油为模型底物，评价了温度、反应时间和多相催化剂用量等主要反应参数的影响。根据优化的条件（0.5 mmol 甘油、0.5 mmol 苯甲醛、5 wt% 催化剂 CX4SO 3 HSi( n )，110 ℃，20 min），评价反应的普遍性，得到 12 种产率的产物范围从 6% 到 99%。该协议的重要方面如下：无溶剂反应、水作为唯一废物、无金属和更短的反应时间。
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