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In situ imaging the dynamics of sodium metal deposition and stripping
Journal of Materials Chemistry A ( IF 10.7 ) Pub Date : 2022-06-15 , DOI: 10.1039/d2ta02513b Lin Geng 1 , Chao Zhao 2, 3 , Jitong Yan 1, 4 , Chengrui Fu 2, 3 , Xuedong Zhang 5 , Jingming Yao 1 , Haiming Sun 1, 6 , Yong Su 5 , Qiunan Liu 1 , Liqiang Zhang 1 , Yongfu Tang 1, 4 , Feng Ding 2, 3 , Jianyu Huang 1, 5
Journal of Materials Chemistry A ( IF 10.7 ) Pub Date : 2022-06-15 , DOI: 10.1039/d2ta02513b Lin Geng 1 , Chao Zhao 2, 3 , Jitong Yan 1, 4 , Chengrui Fu 2, 3 , Xuedong Zhang 5 , Jingming Yao 1 , Haiming Sun 1, 6 , Yong Su 5 , Qiunan Liu 1 , Liqiang Zhang 1 , Yongfu Tang 1, 4 , Feng Ding 2, 3 , Jianyu Huang 1, 5
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Sodium (Na) metal batteries (SMBs) are potential “beyond lithium (Li)” energy storage technology. However, uncontrollable Na dendrite growth hinders the practical application of SMBs. The dynamics for Na dendrite plating/stripping are still unclear, which affects the development of a uniform Na deposition and stripping strategy. Herein, in situ imaging of the dynamics of Na deposition and stripping was conducted using a nano-electrochemical device in an advanced aberration corrected environmental transmission electron microscope (ETEM). Dodecahedron shaped Na nanocrystals with {110} exposed surfaces were formed during plating. During stripping, Na atoms were extracted layer-by-layer (LBL) along the {110} planes, which switched to the {112} planes once the extraction encountered the corner of the dodecahedra. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that the crystallography of Na deposition and stripping was controlled by a minimum energy path or Wulff's law, which requires high mass flux to distribute the newly deposited Na. In situ imaging of Na metal deposition and stripping provides new understanding of the Na dendrite dynamics, which may have important implications to develop strategies to suppress Na dendrite growth.
中文翻译：
钠金属沉积和剥离动力学的原位成像
钠（Na）金属电池（SMB）是具有“超越锂（Li）”潜力的储能技术。然而，不可控的钠枝晶生长阻碍了 SMB 的实际应用。钠枝晶电镀/剥离的动力学仍不清楚，这影响了均匀钠沉积和剥离策略的发展。在此，就地使用纳米电化学装置在先进的像差校正环境透射电子显微镜（ETEM）中进行钠沉积和剥离动力学的成像。在电镀过程中形成了具有 {110} 暴露表面的十二面体形 Na 纳米晶体。在剥离过程中，钠原子沿 {110} 平面逐层（LBL）提取，一旦提取遇到十二面体的角，就会切换到 {112} 平面。密度泛函理论 (DFT) 计算表明，Na 沉积和剥离的晶体学受最小能量路径或 Wulff 定律控制，这需要高质量通量来分配新沉积的 Na。原位钠金属沉积和剥离的成像提供了对钠枝晶动力学的新认识，这可能对制定抑制钠枝晶生长的策略具有重要意义。
更新日期：2022-06-15
中文翻译：
钠金属沉积和剥离动力学的原位成像
钠（Na）金属电池（SMB）是具有“超越锂（Li）”潜力的储能技术。然而，不可控的钠枝晶生长阻碍了 SMB 的实际应用。钠枝晶电镀/剥离的动力学仍不清楚，这影响了均匀钠沉积和剥离策略的发展。在此，就地使用纳米电化学装置在先进的像差校正环境透射电子显微镜（ETEM）中进行钠沉积和剥离动力学的成像。在电镀过程中形成了具有 {110} 暴露表面的十二面体形 Na 纳米晶体。在剥离过程中，钠原子沿 {110} 平面逐层（LBL）提取，一旦提取遇到十二面体的角，就会切换到 {112} 平面。密度泛函理论 (DFT) 计算表明，Na 沉积和剥离的晶体学受最小能量路径或 Wulff 定律控制，这需要高质量通量来分配新沉积的 Na。原位钠金属沉积和剥离的成像提供了对钠枝晶动力学的新认识，这可能对制定抑制钠枝晶生长的策略具有重要意义。
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