Purpose

The present study applies Johnson’s (2008) typology of intimate partner violence (IPV) to female survivors in Karachi, Pakistan.

Method

Face-to-face structured interviews of a purposive sample of 80 ever-married survivors of IPV, followed by a cluster analysis of husbands’ controlling behaviors to identify types of IPV, followed by quantitative exploration of differences among the types.

Results

The first type identified by a Ward’s method cluster analysis is situational couple violence (SCV), comprising 29 respondents whose husbands exhibited low levels of control for all items. The second type is intimate terrorism (IT), comprising 15 respondents experiencing high levels of control on most items. The third type, unique to this study, is labeled as familial intimate terrorism (FIT) and consists of 36 respondents whose husbands were not quite as controlling as IT, not particularly jealous or sexually cruel, but more likely than IT to use control tactics that were based in the joint family system.

Conclusions

The Johnson control typology does, indeed, apply to intimate partner violence in Pakistan, with the important addition of a third type of male violence, rooted in the joint family system that is prevalent in many countries around the world. In future research, it would be important to include a sample of non-violent couples for comparison, especially important in cultures in which the joint family system authorizes considerable “normal” control over women. Although we have assumed that the newly-identified type (familial intimate terrorism) involves men (and sometimes their families) abusing the norms of this system, further exploration of this issue is necessary.

中文翻译：

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巴基斯坦的家庭暴力类型：详述约翰逊的类型学

目的

本研究将约翰逊 (2008) 的亲密伴侣暴力 (IPV) 类型学应用于巴基斯坦卡拉奇的女性幸存者。

方法

对 80 名已婚的 IPV 幸存者进行面对面结构化访谈，然后对丈夫的控制行为进行聚类分析以识别 IPV 类型，然后定量探索类型之间的差异。

结果

Ward 方法聚类分析确定的第一种类型是情景夫妻暴力（SCV），包括 29 名受访者，其丈夫对所有项目的控制水平都较低。第二类是亲密恐怖主义 (IT)，包括 15 名受访者，他们对大多数物品都进行了高度控制。第三种类型，本研究独有，被标记为家庭亲密恐怖主义 (FIT)，由 36 名受访者组成，他们的丈夫不像 IT 那样控制，不是特别嫉妒或性虐待，但比 IT 更有可能使用控制策略以联合家庭制度为基础。

结论

约翰逊控制类型确实适用于巴基斯坦的亲密伴侣暴力，此外还重要地增加了第三种男性暴力，这种暴力植根于世界上许多国家普遍存在的联合家庭制度。在未来的研究中，纳入非暴力夫妇的样本进行比较是很重要的，这在联合家庭系统授权对女性进行相当大的“正常”控制的文化中尤其重要。虽然我们假设新发现的类型（家庭亲密恐怖主义）涉及男性（有时是他们的家人）滥用该系统的规范，但有必要进一步探索这个问题。