Upscalable fabrication of efficient and stable perovskite solar modules is urgently needed for commercialization. Here we introduce methylammonium chloride additives in the co-solvent system of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone/N,N-dimethylformamide to control the formation of intermediate phases during the growth of formamidinium–caesium lead triiodide perovskite films. We achieve high-quality films upon drying without the use of anti-solvent. By implementing bulk and surface passivation, champion efficiencies of 24.02% for a small-sized solar cell and 20.5% for a 5 cm × 5 cm solar mini-module on an aperture area of 22.4 cm² (geometric fill factor ∼ 96%) are achieved by spin-coating. The fully blade-coated perovskite solar sub-module demonstrates a champion efficiency of 15.3% on an aperture area of 205 cm². The solar mini-module exhibits impressive operational stability with a T₈₀ lifetime of over 1,000 h at maximum power point tracking under continuous light illumination.

商业化迫切需要高效且稳定的钙钛矿太阳能模块的可升级制造。在这里，我们在N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮/ N , N-二甲基甲酰胺的共溶剂体系中引入甲基氯化铵添加剂，以控制甲脒-铯三碘化铅钙钛矿薄膜生长过程中中间相的形成。我们在不使用反溶剂的情况下在干燥后获得高质量的薄膜。通过实施体钝化和表面钝化，小尺寸太阳能电池的效率为 24.02%，在 22.4 cm ²的孔径区域（几何填充因子~96%）通过旋涂实现。完全刀片涂层的钙钛矿太阳能子模块在 205 cm ²的孔径面积上表现出 15.3% 的冠军效率。太阳能微型模块表现出令人印象深刻的运行稳定性，在连续光照下最大功率点跟踪的T _{80寿命超过 1,000 小时。}