The response of the terrestrial biosphere to warming remains one of the most poorly understood and quantified aspects of the climate system. One way to test the behavior of the Earth system in warm climate states is to examine the geological record. The abundance, distribution, and/or isotopic composition of source-specific organic molecules (biomarkers) have been used to reconstruct terrestrial paleoenvironmental change over a range of geological timescales. Here, we review new or recently improved biomarker approaches for reconstructing ( a) physical climate variables (land temperature, rainfall), ( b) ecosystem state variables (vegetation, fire regime), and ( c) biogeochemical variables (soil residence time, methane cycling). This review encompasses a range of key compound classes (e.g., lipids, lignin, and carbohydrates). In each section, we explore the concept behind key biomarker approaches and discuss their successesas paleoenvironmental indicators. We emphasize that analyzing several biomarkers in tandem can provide unique insights into the Earth system. ▪ Biomarkers can be used to reconstruct terrestrial environmental change over a range of geological timescales. ▪ A multi-proxy biomarker approach provides novel insights into climate and the environment.

中文翻译：

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重建陆地环境变化的生物标记方法


陆地生物圈对变暖的反应仍然是气候系统中最缺乏了解和量化的方面之一。测试地球系统在温暖气候状态下的行为的一种方法是检查地质记录。来源特定有机分子（生物标志物）的丰度、分布和/或同位素组成已被用来重建一系列地质时间尺度上的陆地古环境变化。在这里，我们回顾了新的或最近改进的生物标志物方法，用于重建（a）物理气候变量（土地温度、降雨），（b）生态系统状态变量（植被，火情）和（c）生物地球化学变量（土壤停留时间，甲烷）骑自行车）。本综述涵盖了一系列关键化合物类别（例如脂质、木质素和碳水化合物）。在每个部分中，我们探讨了关键生物标志物方法背后的概念，并讨论了它们作为古环境指标的成功。我们强调，串联分析多种生物标志物可以提供对地球系统的独特见解。 ▪ 生物标记可用于重建一系列地质时间尺度内的陆地环境变化。 ▪ 多代理生物标志物方法提供了对气候和环境的新颖见解。