Rapid developments in radio technology and processors have led to the emergence of small sensor nodes that provide communication over Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The crucial issues in these networks are energy consumption management and reliable data exchange. Due to the limited resources of sensor nodes, WSNs become a vulnerable target against many security attacks. Thus, energy-aware trust-based techniques have become a powerful tool for detecting nodes’ behavior and providing security solutions in WSN. Clustering-based routings are one of the most effective methods in increasing the WSN performance. In this paper, an Energy-Aware Trust algorithm based on the AODV protocol and Multi-path Routing approach (EATMR) is proposed to improve the security of WSNs. EATMR consists of two main phases: firstly, the nodes are clustered based on the Open-Source Development Model Algorithm (ODMA), and then in the second phase, clustering-based routing is applied. In this paper, the routing process follows the AODV protocol and multi-path routes approach with considering energy-aware trust. Here, the optimal and safe route is determined based on various parameters, namely energy, trust, hop-count, and distance. In this regard, we emphasize the evaluation of node trust using direct trust, indirect trust, and a multi-objective function. The simulation has been performed in MATLAB software in the presence of a Denial of Service (DoS) attack. The simulation results show that EATMR performs better than the state-of-the-art methods in terms of successfully detecting malicious nodes and enhancing network lifetime, energy consumption, and packet delivery ratio. As a conclusion, EATMR shows an average of 4.3 and 6.1% superiority over M-CSO and SQEER in different scenarios, respectively.

无线电技术和处理器的快速发展导致了通过无线传感器网络 (WSN) 提供通信的小型传感器节点的出现。这些网络中的关键问题是能源消耗管理和可靠的数据交换。由于传感器节点资源有限，无线传感器网络成为许多安全攻击的易受攻击目标。因此，基于能量感知的信任技术已成为检测节点行为并在 WSN 中提供安全解决方案的强大工具。基于聚类的路由是提高 WSN 性能的最有效方法之一。为了提高无线传感器网络的安全性，本文提出了一种基于 AODV 协议和多路径路由方法（EATMR）的能量感知信任算法。EATMR 包括两个主要阶段：首先，基于开源开发模型算法（ODMA）对节点进行聚类，然后在第二阶段应用基于聚类的路由。在本文中，路由过程遵循 AODV 协议和多路径路由方法，并考虑了能量感知信任。在这里，最佳和安全的路线是根据各种参数确定的，即能量、信任、跳数和距离。在这方面，我们强调使用直接信任、间接信任和多目标函数来评估节点信任。在存在拒绝服务 (DoS) 攻击的情况下，已在 MATLAB 软件中进行了仿真。仿真结果表明，EATMR 在成功检测恶意节点和提高网络寿命、能耗和数据包传递率方面优于最先进的方法。