This study aimed to examine the complex relations between two known predictors of bystander decisions in bullying incidents—empathy and family contextual factors—and bystander help-seeking from two preferred choices (i.e., adults and peers). In particular, we examined the mediating role of cognitive and affective empathy on the relation between parental attachment and bystander help-seeking in 826 adolescents in the 6th and 9th grade (49.9% female) using four bullying/acts of aggression scenarios. Results indicated that affective, but not cognitive, empathy served as a partial mediator for the relationship in boys, suggesting that both empathy and the family context can play a role in bystander decisions to intervene. On the other hand, empathy did not serve as a mediator for girls, suggesting that girls do not need the added push of empathy in order to intervene in bullying situations. Results suggest emphasizing home-school collaboration for boys, in particular, in bullying prevention programs in order to maximize efforts of bystanders.

本研究旨在检验欺凌事件中旁观者决策的两个已知预测因素——同理心和家庭背景因素——与旁观者从两个首选选择（即成年人和同龄人）寻求帮助之间的复杂关系。特别是，我们使用四种欺凌/攻击行为情景，研究了 826 名 6 年级和 9 年级青少年（49.9% 女性）的认知和情感移情对父母依恋和旁观者寻求帮助之间关系的中介作用。结果表明，情感而非认知的移情在男孩关系中起到了部分中介作用，这表明移情和家庭背景都可以在旁观者决定进行干预中发挥作用。另一方面，同理心并没有充当女孩的中介，表明女孩不需要额外的同理心来干预欺凌情况。结果建议强调男孩的家校合作，特别是在欺凌预防计划中，以最大限度地发挥旁观者的努力。