Rapid and selective sensing of biological substances and pollutants is developing rapidly in medicine and environmental sciences. Sensing performance depends on the material used as electrode modifier. Here, metal–organic frameworks are promising due to their high surface area and porosity, and their ability to adsorb guest molecules, yet they are limited by low conductivity and luminescence. The low conductivity issue can be solved by combining metal–organic framework with carbon-based materials of high conductivity and mechanical strength. Here, we review the synthesis and sensing applications of composites of metal–organic frameworks and carbon-based materials. We discuss charge transfer mechanisms and synergistic effects. Electrochemical and optical sensors allow to analyze metal ions, organic pollutants and biochemical molecules with a lowest detection limit of 0.12 nM.

生物物质和污染物的快速和选择性传感在医学和环境科学中正在迅速发展。传感性能取决于用作电极改性剂的材料。在这里，金属-有机框架因其高表面积和孔隙率以及吸附客体分子的能力而很有前景，但它们受到低电导率和发光的限制。低电导率问题可以通过将金属有机骨架与高电导率和机械强度的碳基材料相结合来解决。在这里，我们回顾了金属-有机框架和碳基材料复合材料的合成和传感应用。我们讨论电荷转移机制和协同效应。电化学和光学传感器允许分析金属离子，