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Groundwater response to climate variability in Mediterranean type climate zones with comparisons of California (USA) and Portugal
Hydrogeology Journal ( IF 2.4 ) Pub Date : 2022-03-31 , DOI: 10.1007/s10040-022-02470-z
Katherine A. Malmgren 1 , Maria C. Neves 1, 2 , Luis Costa 1, 3 , José P. Monteiro 1, 3 , Jason J. Gurdak 4
Affiliation  

Aquifers are a fundamental source of freshwater, yet they are particularly vulnerable in coastal regions with Mediterranean type climate, due to both climatic and anthropogenic pressures. This comparative study examines the interrelationships between ocean-atmosphere teleconnections, groundwater levels and precipitation in coastal aquifers of California (USA) and Portugal. Piezometric and climate indices (1989–2019) are analyzed using singular spectral analysis and wavelet transform methods. Singular spectral analysis identifies signals consistent with the six dominant climate patterns: the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and the Pacific/North American Oscillation (PNA) in California, and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), the Eastern Atlantic Oscillation (EA) and the Scandinavian Pattern (SCAND) in Portugal. Lower-frequency oscillations have a greater influence on hydrologic patterns, with PDO (52.75%) and NAO (46.25%) on average accounting for the largest amount of groundwater level variability. Wavelet coherences show nonstationary covariability between climate patterns and groundwater levels in distinct period bands: 4–8 years for PDO, 2–4 years for ENSO, 1–2 years for PNA, 5–8 years for NAO, 2–4 years for EA and 2–8 years for SCAND. Wavelet coherence patterns also show that coupled climate patterns (NAO+ EA– and paired PDO and ENSO phases) are associated with major drought periods in both the Mediterranean climate zones.



中文翻译:

地中海型气候区地下水对气候变化的响应与加利福尼亚(美国)和葡萄牙的比较

含水层是淡水的基本来源,但由于气候和人为压力,它们在地中海型气候的沿海地区尤其脆弱。这项比较研究考察了加利福尼亚(美国)和葡萄牙沿海含水层中的海洋-大气遥相关、地下水位和降水之间的相互关系。使用奇异谱分析和小波变换方法分析测压和气候指数(1989-2019)。奇异光谱分析识别出与六种主要气候模式一致的信号:太平洋年代际涛动 (PDO)、厄尔尼诺-南方涛动 (ENSO) 和加利福尼亚的太平洋/北美涛动 (PNA),以及北大西洋涛动 (嗮), 葡萄牙的东大西洋涛动 (EA) 和斯堪的纳维亚模式 (SCAND)。低频振荡对水文格局的影响更大,平均而言,PDO (52.75%) 和 NAO (46.25%) 占地下水水位变化的最大量。小波相干性显示不同时期带中气候模式和地下水位之间的非平稳协变:PDO 4-8 年,ENSO 2-4 年,PNA 1-2 年,NAO 5-8 年,EA 2-4 年SCAND 为 2-8 年。小波相干模式还表明,耦合气候模式(NAO+ EA– 和成对的 PDO 和 ENSO 阶段)与地中海气候区的主要干旱期有关。25%)平均占地下水位变化的最大量。小波相干性显示不同时期带中气候模式和地下水位之间的非平稳协变:PDO 4-8 年,ENSO 2-4 年,PNA 1-2 年,NAO 5-8 年,EA 2-4 年SCAND 为 2-8 年。小波相干模式还表明,耦合气候模式(NAO+ EA– 和成对的 PDO 和 ENSO 阶段)与地中海气候区的主要干旱期有关。25%)平均占地下水位变化的最大量。小波相干性显示不同时期带中气候模式和地下水位之间的非平稳协变:PDO 4-8 年,ENSO 2-4 年,PNA 1-2 年,NAO 5-8 年,EA 2-4 年SCAND 为 2-8 年。小波相干模式还表明,耦合气候模式(NAO+ EA– 和成对的 PDO 和 ENSO 阶段)与地中海气候区的主要干旱期有关。

更新日期:2022-03-31
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