Plasmon-assisted chemistry is the result of a complex interplay between electromagnetic near fields, heat and charge transfer on the nanoscale. The disentanglement of their roles is non-trivial. Therefore, a thorough knowledge of the chemical, structural and spectral properties of the plasmonic/molecular system being used is required. Specific techniques are needed to fully characterize optical near fields, temperature and hot carriers with spatial, energetic and/or temporal resolution. The timescales for all relevant physical and chemical processes can range from a few femtoseconds to milliseconds, which necessitates the use of time-resolved techniques for monitoring the underlying dynamics. In this Review, we focus on experimental techniques to tackle these challenges. We further outline the difficulties when going from the ensemble level to single-particle measurements. Finally, a thorough understanding of plasmon-assisted chemistry also requires a substantial joint experimental and theoretical effort.

等离子体辅助化学是电磁近场、热量和纳米级电荷转移之间复杂相互作用的结果。他们角色的分离是非常重要的。因此，需要全面了解所使用的等离子体/分子系统的化学、结构和光谱特性。需要特定技术以空间、能量和/或时间分辨率全面表征光学近场、温度和热载流子。所有相关物理和化学过程的时间尺度可以从几飞秒到几毫秒不等，这就需要使用时间分辨技术来监测潜在的动力学。在这篇综述中，我们专注于应对这些挑战的实验技术。我们进一步概述了从整体水平到单粒子测量的困难。最后，对等离子体辅助化学的透彻理解还需要大量的联合实验和理论努力。