Climatic changes and their impact on animals and plants at the margins of their distributions are evident in terrestrial, limnic, and marine environments. I review and summarise the literature related to the direct physiological effects of climate change on marginal populations in all realms and categories. I summarise literature showing physiological and ecological emphasis but do not include studies on modelling, genetic or range shift. I found a great discrepancy in representation of each category, with the majority of studies and the greatest variety of species represented in the marine environment and the least research conducted in limnic environments. The least represented in all environments and marginalities was the plant kingdom, including algae. I identified an uneven distribution of studies around the globe with a major focus on Europe and North America. Literature results show an overarching negative impact on organismal physiology independent of a realm and/or geographic location, potentially leading to species and hence biodiversity loss, and tightly coupled with this, a loss of ecosystem functions at the respective sites. All these points may lead to unstable ecosystems and socio-economic implications at the respective sites.

在陆地、湖沼和海洋环境中，气候变化及其对分布边缘的动植物的影响是显而易见的。我回顾并总结了有关气候变化对所有领域和类别的边缘人口的直接生理影响的文献。我总结了强调生理学和生态学的文献，但不包括关于建模、遗传或范围转移的研究。我发现每个类别的代表性存​​在很大差异，海洋环境中的研究最多，物种种类最多，而在湖沼环境中进行的研究最少。在所有环境和边缘地区中代表最少的是植物王国，包括藻类。我发现全球研究分布不均，主要集中在欧洲和北美。文献结果显示，对有机体生理的总体负面影响与领域和/或地理位置无关，可能导致物种丧失，从而导致生物多样性丧失，并且与此密切相关的是各个地点的生态系统功能丧失。所有这些点都可能导致各个地点的生态系统不稳定和社会经济影响。