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Universal Law and Poverty Relief
Ethical Theory and Moral Practice ( IF 1.0 ) Pub Date : 2022-03-19 , DOI: 10.1007/s10677-022-10281-0
Oliver Sensen 1, 2
Affiliation  

In this article, I examine what Kant’s Formula of Universal Law requires of an individual agent in situations of great need, e.g.: if you can easily help a drowning child, or if you know of a famine situation in another country. I first explain why I do not simply apply the standard interpretation of how one can derive concrete duties from Kant’s Universal Law formulation of the Categorical Imperative. I then glean an alternative procedure from Kant’s texts and give the reasons for using that interpretation. Finally, I apply the alternative procedure to situations of great need. – According to the interpretation I glean from Kant’s texts, one (i) should not make an exception to (ii) laws that we believe to be objectively necessary, whereby we derive these rules from (iii) universal ends of humankind. Since we take survival as one of the universal ends of mankind, we deem helping someone whose life is in danger as objectively necessary (to achieve the end). The formal Categorical Imperative demands that one does not make an exception to this rule. Applying this interpretation to cases of great need depends on at least three factors: (i) how urgent the need is, (ii) how great the costs are to the one who helps, and (iii) how many people can help. But at one extreme, where you are the only one who can easily save an innocent person’s life, the Kantian procedure generates a strict duty to help the other in need.



中文翻译:

普世法与扶贫

在这篇文章中,我研究了康德的普遍法则公式对个体代理人在非常需要的情况下的要求,例如:如果你可以轻松地帮助一个溺水的孩子,或者你是否知道另一个国家的饥荒情况。我首先解释为什么我不简单地应用标准解释,即如何从康德对绝对命令的普遍法则公式中推导出具体义务。然后,我从康德的文本中收集了一个替代程序,并给出了使用这种解释的原因。最后,我将替代程序应用于非常需要的情况。——根据我从康德文本中收集到的解释,(i)不应该对(ii)我们认为客观必要的法律做出例外,据此我们从(iii)人类的普遍目标中推导出这些规则。由于我们将生存视为人类的普遍目标之一,因此我们认为帮助处于危险中的人是客观必要的(实现目标)。正式的绝对命令要求不要对这条规则做出例外。将这种解释应用于急需的案例至少取决于三个因素:(i)需求的紧迫程度,(ii)帮助者的成本有多大,以及(iii)有多少人可以提供帮助。但在一个极端,你是唯一可以轻易挽救无辜者生命的人,康德程序产生了一种严格的义务,即帮助有需要的人。将这种解释应用于急需的案例至少取决于三个因素:(i)需求的紧迫程度,(ii)帮助者的成本有多大,以及(iii)有多少人可以提供帮助。但在一个极端,你是唯一可以轻易挽救无辜者生命的人,康德程序产生了一种严格的义务,即帮助有需要的人。将这种解释应用于急需的案例至少取决于三个因素:(i)需求的紧迫程度,(ii)帮助者的成本有多大,以及(iii)有多少人可以提供帮助。但在一个极端,你是唯一可以轻易挽救无辜者生命的人,康德程序产生了一种严格的义务,即帮助有需要的人。

更新日期:2022-03-19
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